1. Intelligent System Engineering Basics of Digital Image Processing!
APECE-505
Intelligent System Engineering
Basics of Digital Image Processing!
Md. Atiqur Rahman Ahad
Reference books:
– Digital Image Processing, Gonzalez & Woods.
- Digital Image Processing, M. Joshi
- Computer Vision – a modern approach, Forsyth & Ponce

2. Topics
Imaging types
Applications
Illusions

3. Image: - gazou 画像
2-D function – f(x,y)
x,y → spatial (plane) coordinates
f → intensity/ gray level of the image at that point (x,y)
Pixel: - gasou 画層
Picture element, image element, pels, pixels

4. Image: 2D array of gray level or color values
Pixel: Array element Picture Element
It’s 2D
It’s a square
It has one color
It may be any color
Pixel value: Arithmetic value of gray level or color intensity
Gray level image: f = f(x,y)
Color image: f = {Rred(x,y), Ggreen(x,y), Bblue(x,y)}

5. Principal energy source for images: electromagnetic energy spectrum
Image Types:
1. Gamma-ray imaging
2. X-ray imaging - rentogen
3. Imaging in Ultraviolet (UV) bands
4. Imaging in Visible and Infrared (IR) bands
5. In Microwave band
6. In Radio band
~ others ...

6. astronomical observations
1. Gamma-ray imaging
- in nuclear medicine,
astronomical observations
Bone scan
Bone scan
PET image
PET scan of human brain
Positron-emission tomography
- PET
 Liver metastases of a colorectal tumor are clearly visible within the abdominal region of the image

7. 2. CT X-ray imaging
Chest X-ray
CAT –
Computerized Axial
Tomography
Head CT

9. Normal vs. diseased corn
3. UV band
Normal vs. diseased corn
Applications:
Lithography
Industrial inspection
Laser
Microscopy
Biological imaging

10. 4. Visible & IR band
Microscopy
Remote sensing/ GIS

11. Remote sensing
GIS: 地理情報システム (Geographic Information System)

12. Infra-red (IR) [sekigaisen] imaging
USA

13. IR imaging
Bangladesh 日本

14. Color thermal image

15. Automated visual inspections
Circuit board
Lens for eye
- damages!!

16. Visual Spec. – applications
Finger print
License plate reading

17. 5. Microwave – Radar

18. – medicine and astronomy
6. Radio band
– medicine and astronomy
knee
spine
MRI – magnetic resonance imaging

20. Neutron star

21. millions of pulses & echoes are sent, and received each second
７.Ultrasound imaging!
akachan
thyroids
muscle with lesion
millions of pulses & echoes are sent, and received each second

22. Electron microscopy
TEM – Transmission electron microscope
SEM – Scanning electron microscope

23. Simultaneous contrast!

24. Optical illusions! circle!? No line in the square! =? Same distance?
Parallel?? =?