1. Chapter 12 – Section 5: China and the New Imperialism

2. What did Europe and China trade?
China traded silk, porcelain, tea
Europeans gave gold, silver, opium

4. What was the Opium War? Causes
British grew opium in India and traded to China for tea
many Chinese became addicted
China use silver to pay for opium → hurt economy
Chinese govt tried to ban opium, but Britain claimed free trade
Chinese complained because opium was illegal in Britain, but still sold
1839 war → Britain easily won

5. Results 1842 Treaty of Nanjing
China paid indemnity → payment of losses in war
Britain received Hong Kong
China opened up 5 ports to foreign trade
British citizens in China got extraterritoriality → the right to live under own laws and be tried in own courts
one of several unequal treaties that forced China to make concessions to western powers

8. What was the Taiping Rebellion?
peasants rebelled against poverty and misery
leader Hong Xiuquan → wanted Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace
won control of some parts of China and almost took over Qing dynasty

9. How did China begin to reform?
Self-Strengthening Movement
1860s reformers
imported western technology
made factories
developed shipyards, railroads, mining, industry
translated western works
not supported by govt → little progress

10. War with Japan 1868 Japan began to modernize and join imperialism
1894 Sino-Japanese War (China vs. Japan)
Japan won and gained Taiwan
showed China’s weakness

11. Spheres of Influence
an area where outside power has exclusive investment and trading rights
after China’s loss to Japan, western powers moved to “carve out” spheres of influence
U.S. did not but wanted to trade → Open Door Policy

12. What was the Boxer Rebellion?
Causes
1899 secret society Righteous Harmonious Fists (used martial arts → called “Boxers”
wanted to get rid of foreigners in China
1900 Boxers attacked foreigners
western powers and Japan made multinational force and crushed revolt

14. Results / Effects with defeat China had to make concessions
China realized need to westernize
New Reforms:
women allowed to attend school
taught science and math
expanded economy
nationalism spread

15. Who was Sun Yat-sen (Sun Yixian)?
Chinese nationalist who studied in West
made Revolutionary Alliance
Goal: rebuild China on “Three Principles of the People”
Nationalism
Democracy
Livelihood – economic security
Chinese Revolution
1911 became president of new Chinese Republic

16. Sun Yat-sen