1. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 1 A NEW NATIONAL IDENTITY (1812–1840) Section 1: The Rise of Nationalism Section 2: Expansion and Improvements Section 3: The Age of Jackson Section 4: Indian Removal Section 5: American Culture Chapter 12

2. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 2 OBJECTIVES  How did the United States settle its land disputes with Great Britain and Spain?  Why did President Monroe issue the Monroe Doctrine, and what were its most important points? Section 1: The Rise of Nationalism

3. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 3 Treaties Settling Disputes between the United States, Great Britain and Spain Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817) – limited naval power Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817) – limited naval power Convention of 1818 – settled fishing rights and established a border Convention of 1818 – settled fishing rights and established a border Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819 – Spain gave up all of Florida to the United States Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819 – Spain gave up all of Florida to the United States Monroe Doctrine (1823) Monroe Doctrine (1823) Section 1: The Rise of Nationalism

4. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 4 Why Monroe Issued the Monroe Doctrine Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine because he feared that Latin American independence would encourage European powers to take control on the newly independent countries. Section 1: The Rise of Nationalism Monroe Doctrine – President James Monroe’s statement forbidding further colonization in the Americas and declaring that the United States would view any attempt by a foreign country to colonize as a hostile act

5. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 5 OBJECTIVES  What issues was the Missouri Compromise supposed to address?  How did improvements in transportation affect the United States?  Why was the 1824 presidential election controversial? Section 2: Expansion and Improvements

6. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 6 The Missouri Compromise addressed two issues: the expansion of slavery the expansion of slavery the balance of free and slave states the balance of free and slave states Section 2: Expansion and Improvements

7. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 7 Transportation Improvements united the country united the country aided trade and economy aided trade and economy Section 2: Expansion and Improvements

8. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 8 Election of 1824 The election of 1824 was controversial because Adams was accused of making a corrupt bargain with Clay. Section 2: Expansion and Improvements

9. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 9 OBJECTIVES  How was Jacksonian Democracy a sign of change in American politics?  How did tariff disputes lead to the nullification crisis, and how did President Jackson respond?  Why was President Jackson against a national bank, and how did his opposition affect the economy? Section 3: The Age of Jackson

10. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 10 Jacksonian Democracy expanded voting rights expanded voting rights nominating conventions nominating conventions Section 3: The Age of Jackson Nominating conventions – public meetings to select the party’s presidential and vice presidential candidates

11. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 11 Nullification Crisis Northern manufacturers wanted high tariffs and the southern farmers wanted low tariffs leading to the nullification crisis. Northern manufacturers wanted high tariffs and the southern farmers wanted low tariffs leading to the nullification crisis. The crisis was resolved by a congressional compromise to lower tariffs gradually. The crisis was resolved by a congressional compromise to lower tariffs gradually. Section 3: The Age of Jackson

12. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 12 Jackson’s Position on a National Bank Jackson opposed the power of a national bank. Jackson opposed the power of a national bank. His opposition effected the economy by leading to inflation. His opposition effected the economy by leading to inflation. Section 3: The Age of Jackson

13. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 13 OBJECTIVES  Why did the federal and state governments begin an American Indian removal policy?  How did American Indians such as the Cherokee resist removal?  How were American Indians affected by the removal from their lands? Section 4: Indian Removal

14. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 14 Indian Removal Act To end Indian conflicts and to open a southern settlement, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act in 1830 which authorized the removal of Indians east of the Mississippi River. Section 4: Indian Removal

15. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 15 Cherokees resisted removal by: adopting white culture adopting white culture creating a government based on the U.S. creating a government based on the U.S. suing the state of Georgia suing the state of Georgia Section 4: Indian Removal

16. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 16 The Indian Response The Indians met removal with armed resistance leading to many Indian deaths. Section 4: Indian Removal

17. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 17 OBJECTIVES  Who were the favorite writers of the early 1800’s, and what did they write about?  What was the focus of the Hudson River school? Section 5: American Culture

18. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 18 Writers of the 1800’s and Their Subjects William Wirt – biographies of Revolutionary heroes William Wirt – biographies of Revolutionary heroes Washington Irving – American history using satire Washington Irving – American history using satire James Fenimore Cooper – novels and historical fiction James Fenimore Cooper – novels and historical fiction Catharine Maria Sedgwick – historical fiction and novels Catharine Maria Sedgwick – historical fiction and novels Section 5: American Culture

19. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 19 Hudson River School The Hudson River school focused on artists painting landscapes that depicted the beauty of nature. Section 5: American Culture