1. Haivan Pass Tunnel Construction Project

2. Table of Contents
Concept of Tunneling with New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM)
Typical X-section Drawings
Tunnel Construction at Haivan Pass Tunnel Construction Project

3. Concept of Tunneling with NATM
The NATM was developed by Austrian engineers from 1957 – 1965
The principles of the method:
The support is adequately stabilizing the surrounding ground, so that the rate of convergence towards the tunnel is perceived to be approaching an asymptotic value
Where, after initial support, further support may be applied incrementally
The essence of design of a system of incremental support is to understand the stress-strain properties of the ground and of the tunnel support
Since controlled strain of the ground has to occur in order to develop a changed stress field in the ground aroun dthe tunnel compatible with the degree of support

4. Concept of Tunneling with NATM
Difference of stress distribution around Tunnel

5. Concept of Tunneling with NATM
Conventional tunneling method - Example of steel rib and lagging

6. Concept of Tunneling with NATM
Image of ground arch effect of the NATM support

7. Concept of Tunneling with NATM
Image of ground arch effect of the NATM support

8. Typical X-section Drawings Haivan Pass Tunnel Project
MAIN TUNNEL
EVA. TUNNEL
Rockbolts
Forepoling
Shotcrete
TUNNEL CONNECTION – SUPPORT SYSTEM
Main Tunnel with Lay by and Pedestrian Cross Passage

9. Typical X-section Drawings Haivan Pass Tunnel Project
Concrete lining
MAIN TUNNEL– SUPPORT SYSTEM
Tunnel center
Road center
Waterproof membrane
Shotcrete
Theoretical rock line
Concrete curbing
Electrical cable duct
Tunnel side drain
Filter cement aggregate
Foundation beam for concrete lining
Tunnel main sub drainage perforated

10. Tunnel Construction at Haivan Pass Tunnel Construction Project
1. Drilling tunnel face
2. Charging explosive
3. Excavating and mucking after blasting
4. Shotcreting, if necessary
5. Survey of section (installing steel rib, if necessary)
6. Installing wiremesh, if necessary
7-1. Installing rockbolts
7-2. Cutting head of rockbolts
7-3. Covering head of rockbolts
8. Concreting foundation beam
9. Constructing drain pipe
10. Fixing geotextile
11. Installing waterproofing membrane
12. Lining concrete

11. Technical Term of NATM in the Project
Rockbolt
Steel rib
Wiremesh + Shotcrete
Geotextile
Waterproofing membrane
Mole drain pipe
Lining concrete
Foundation beam

12. Work Sequence of NATM (1/12)
1. Drilling tunnel face

13. Work Sequence of NATM (2/12)
2. Charging explosive

14. Work Sequence of NATM (3/12)
3. Excavating and Mucking after blasting

15. Work Sequence of NATM (4/12)
4. Shotcreting

16. Work Sequence of NATM (5/12)
5. Survey of section

17. Work Sequence of NATM (6/12)
6. Installing wiremesh

18. Work Sequence of NATM (7/12)
7-1. Installing rockbolts

19. Work Sequence of NATM (7/12)
7-2. Cutting head of rockbolts

20. Work Sequence of NATM (7/12)
7-3. Covering head of rockbolts by geotextile

21. Work Sequence of NATM (8/12)
8. Concreting foundation beam

22. Work Sequence of NATM (9/12)
9. Constructing drain pipe

23. Work Sequence of NATM (10/12)
10. Fixing geotextile

24. Work Sequence of NATM (11/12)
11. Installing waterproofing membrane

25. Work Sequence of NATM (12/12)
12. Lining concrete

26. Conclusion
Hoping that this Presentation will be of some help toward better implementation of the Project
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27. Thank you and Have a good time