1. Key Concept: Life depends on chemical reactions

2. Chemical Reaction – the process of breaking the intramolecular bonds between atoms in a molecule and then reforming them so the atoms are arranged into new types of molecules.

3. http://www. cartage. org

4. Parts of a Chemical Reaction
Chemical Equation – Shorthand way to describe what happens in the overall chemical reaction.
Reactants – Elements or compounds
that are the “starter materials” for a reaction.
Products – Elements or compounds
produced by a chemical reaction

5. Ex. Chemical equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 12H2O + sunlight O 2 + C6 H12O 6 + 6H2O
Reactants Products
Ex. Chemical equation for photosynthesis

6. Types of Chemical Reactions
Synthesis
Decomposition
Combustion
Single Displacement
Double Displacement

7. Indicators a Reaction has Occurred

8. Indicators that a Rxn. occurred
1. Gives off heat , light or sound
(all forms of Energy)
2. Gives off a gas / bubbles
3. Forms a solid precipitate
4. Color change is observed

9. Chemical reactions always involve the
breaking of bonds in reactant molecules and the formation of new bonds in the product molecules.

10. Bond Energy in Chemical Reactions
What happens when bonds break and bonds form?
Energy must be added to break bonds that hold the reactant molecules together. This is called activation energy (Ae). This amount of energy is what “activates” or gets the reaction started.

11. Once the bonds are broken, the atoms are freed up and can make new molecules.
When bonds form between the atoms to make new molecules, energy is released.

12. The specific amount of energy that is needed to break a bond, or is releases when that same bond forms, is called bond energy.

13. Two Categories of Chemical Reactions based on Energy Changes
Exothermic Reactions
Endothermic Reactions

14. Exothermic reactions release more energy than they absorb Exo – out thermic - heat

15. Endothermic reactions absorb more energy than they release
Endo – into thermic - heat
Ex. Photosynthesis

17. Activation energy is the amount of energy that needs to be absorbed to start a chemical reaction.

18. Connection to life:
In order to stay alive, organisms need to carry out chemical reactions that require energy; therefore every organism must have a source of energy to carry out reactions.
Plants trap and store energy from sunlight
Animals consume plants and other animals to produce energy