1. Fixed Appliance
Xiaorong, Wang

2. A.The development of fixed appliance
Definition：Commonly refers to orthodontic brackets which are attached to teeth and exhibit the properties that dentists desire . The appliance is removed until the therapy finished.

3. advantage Brackets attached to teeth
Provid enough anchorage for tooth movement
3-D control of tooth movement (translation、controlled movement）
Tooth movement occur effciently
Effective treatment for comprehensive malocclusion
Independent on patient compliance

4. disadvantage Inconvenient for food processing and keeping oral healthy
Increase the chair time
Cause inflammation and soreness if operated inappropriatly
Influence on esthetic

5. The development of fixed appliance
1907s，The E-Arch
1911s，Pin and Tube
1916s，Ribbon Arch
1928s，Edgewise

6. First phase 1900s Heavy labial arch Arch perimeter increased
E~arch
1900s
Heavy labial arch
Arch perimeter increased
Tipping teeth

7. Second phase Pin and tube
The E-Arch was capable only of tipping teeth to a new position. It was not able to precisely position any individual tooth. Angle began placing bands on other teeth and used a vertical tube on each tooth , with this appliance , tooth movement was accomplished by repositioning the individual pins at each appointment .

8. Third phase Ribbon arch
Modified the tube on each tooth to provide a vertically positioned rectangular slot behind the tube
The wire was placed into the slot and held with pins
It provided poor control of root position

9. Forth stage Edgewise To overcome the deficiencies of the ribbon arch
In the year of 1928， arch wire was inserted an a 90-degree angle to the plane of insertion of the ribbon arch
Multibanded appliance、single bracket,the rectangular wire was tied into a slot with ligatures
This appliance did allow excellent control of crown and root position in all three planes of space

10. Angle’s progression to the edgewise appliance
Edward Angle’s position an the “father of modern orthodontics” is based not only on his contribution to classification and diagnosis buy also on his creativity in developing new orthodontic appliances.

11. Begg appliance
Raymond Begg had been taught use of the ribbon arch appliance at the Angle school before his return to Australia in the 1920s
The Begg concluded that extraction of teeth was often necessary and set out to adapt the ribbon arch appliance
1950s Begg appliance was born

12. Straight wire appliance
Improving the efficiency of the edgewise appliance
Used quicker and easier

13. The development of fixed appliance
Multibanded——direct bonding
single bracket——twin brackets——straightwire appliance

14. The development of fixed appliance
Begg Appliance
Begg 1954
Ribbon Arch
Angle 1912
Tip-Edg
Kesling 1987
Straight-wire Prescritions
Edgewise
Angle 1928
Tweed Appliance
Tweed 1941
Tip-Edge
light wire technic,Jarabak1963
segmental arch technic,Burston1966
bioprogrssive therapy,Ricketts1974
MEAW,Kim 1974
two by four arch,Mulligan 1982

15. B . Edgewise appliance At 1925,Angle created new edgewise appliance
The edgewise appliance became widely popular in the 1950s
In the middle 1980s,professor xiangyu,ye brought the edgewise appliance into our country

16. a. Components of appliance
band
bracket
wire
accessories

17. Band
Diy：steel、weld；buccal tube ；hook
Preformed bands

18. Buccal
rectangular tube
0.018
round tube   1.2mm
hook

19. Bracket Functional Horizontal slot :the arch vertical slot：bracket
wing : tie-ligature
bracket base: mesh base、adhesive to enamel

20. Bracket Position
Height
U mm
U mm mm
L mm

21. Position Distal and mesial with the dental center Axis inclination
Center bracket consistent
with the dental center
Axis inclination
Angle between the long
axis of the bracket and
the long axis of tooth

22. Angle of the crown teeth

23. Brackets Stainless Steel brackets 、plastic brackets、ceramic brackets
single bracket、twin brackets、straight-wire brackets
Stainless Steel brackets 、plastic brackets、ceramic brackets

24. Brackets

25. Orthodontic Arch wire Materials
Ni~Ti wire：Superelasticity、pre-formed arch、Shape memory
round wire :strength and springiness，Can be bend to any desired shape
rectangular wire：Strong strength

26. Ligating material Elastic o-ring Stainless steel wire ligature
Self-ligating

27. accessories
Sliding hook
Lingual button

28. b. Characteristics and principles
a） Can effectively control the movements of teeth in all directions
b） Dental arch through the wire as a whole could give a good anchorage

29. principal a) Bending deformation of the wire
reset makes tooth movement b）Retention of fixed wire

30. c. Basic treatment steps
a） Alignment and leveling
b） The closure of extraction space
c） Adjustment of the tooth relationship
d） Retainer ：fixed、removable

31. Three order bend first order bend
so-called in-out bends, which are represented by the distance of the brackets slot to the tooth serface and is a horizontal adjustment
inset、offset.
purpose：curvature of the natural arch form

32. second order bend
vertical bend tip back bend、terminal tip back bend、tip forward bend、axial positional bend
Purpose：up and down or tip bends, to provide correct axial inclination and tooth-root alignment in a mesil-distal demention

33. third order bend
torque lingual root torque/labial crown torque；labial root torque/lingual crown torque
purpose：bucco-palatal or bucco-lingual position of the roots in respect to the crowns of the teeth

34. Retainer
Retainer ：removable fixed
Time

35. C. Straight wire appliance
Preadjusted appliance
Develop from the edgewise appliande，which is basically an appliance with built-in 3D prescription to represent ideal tooth positions, without the three order bend into the arch wire
Theoretic：
Andrews published his classic article “the six keys of ideal occlusion

36. a.The development of the SWA
1972，Dr.Andrews : straight-wire appliance(SWA)
1976，Secondly，Dr.Roth : Roth set-up
1997，thirdly，Dr.McLaughlin ,Dr.Bennett Dr.Trevisi: MBTTM

37. b.  characteristic
Improve the design of bracket Precisely position the average tooth Minimize the second- and third-order bends Shorten the course of treatment

38. Torque and axial inclination

39. c position：
Center of clinical crown
Bracket Identification: Brackets’ distal-gingival wing is marked

40. d procedures：
first stage ：alignment
——laceback ;
——cinch back

41. closure of extraction space
Second stage ： close of extraction space
——sliding mechanics

42. D. Lingual appliance

43. E. Operation 1. separation
Separation material
Operating points

44. 2.   bonding

45. Cementation requirements
Fitting around the tooth
No stimulation of gingival tissue
Good retention
No interference with normal occlusion

46. Bonding bracket
Direct bonding
In-direct bonding

47. 3.  ligature

48. 4. debonding Removing the bracket Removing the band
Grinding the bonding material
Polishing the tooth surface

49. Summary
Familiar with the characteristics and the principle of fixed appliance
Familiar with the composition of appliance treatment and basic steps
Composition：band、bracket、arch wire、appliance
Procedure ：alignment 、close space、adjustment、retainer