1. 1 Emerging Opportunities: Nano-Photonics & Information Technology Connie Chang-Hasnain EECS University of California, Berkeley

2. Chang-Hasnain, UCB 2

3. 3 Source: Tingye Li and Herwig Kogelnik Bit Rate -Distance ( Gb/s km) 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Year 1 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7  WHAT’S NEXT ?? WDM + Optical Amplifiers  Optical Amplifiers  Coherent Detection  1.5  m Single-Frequency Laser 1.3  m SM Fiber 0.8  m MM Fiber                Advances in Optical Communications Coax, 274 Mb/s at 1km repeater spacing 10 7 Increase in Bit rate-Distance Product in 25 years

4. Chang-Hasnain, UCB 4 Opportunities in Optoelectronics Active Devices  Faster, Better, Smaller, New Functions Examples: lasers, detectors, modulators, amplifiers, freq. mixer New functions: wavelength tuning, beam steering, UV and FIR Passive Devices  Better, Smaller, New Functions Examples: Wavelength multiplexers, resonators, filters, couplers New functions: thin film non-reciprocal devices Leverage the Coherence Property All-optical buffer and random access memory (RAM) Optical signal processing Integration! Monolithic Heterogeneous

5. Chang-Hasnain, UCB 5 Opportunities in Optoelectronics Active Devices  Faster, Better, Smaller, New Functions Examples: lasers, detectors, modulators, amplifiers, freq. mixer New functions: wavelength tuning, beam steering, UV and FIR Passive Devices  Better, Smaller, New Functions Examples: Wavelength multiplexers, resonators, filters, couplers New functions: thin film non-reciprocal devices Leverage the Coherence Property All-optical buffer and random access memory (RAM) Optical signal processing Integration! Monolithic Heterogeneous Nanoscale Material Synthesis Nanoscale Processing Integrated Optoelectronics

6. Chang-Hasnain, UCB 6 Tailorable Active Materials Greatly Enhanced or Suppressed Optical Gain Spontaneous Emission Optical Nonlinearities Density of States Energy (h ) Bulk Quantum Well Quantum WireQuantum Dot Yang, Berkeley

7. Chang-Hasnain, UCB 7 Active Material Synthesis Major Challenges Uniformity Control Size Control Placement Control Defect Reduction Chang-Hasnain, Berkeley Weber, Berkeley Dapkus, USC

8. Chang-Hasnain, UCB 8 Compact Integrated Optics: Photonic Crystals Making Passive Optics 1000 Times Smaller Zuzuki, Berkeley

9. Chang-Hasnain, UCB 9 Slow Light and Frozen Light Slow light demonstrated in atomic vapor at low temperature, 1999 We proposed all-optical buffers in ‘00. DARPA funded program in 2002 New BAA on Intelligent Optical Network coming out in March. Multiple stacked QD Signal slow down pump P. C. Ku, et.al. Electron. Lett. 2002 Chang-Hasnain, Berkeley

10. Chang-Hasnain, UCB 10 Bio-Photonics DARPA Centers U of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Berkeley, Colorado State, Columbia, Cornell, Harvard

11. Chang-Hasnain, UCB 11 Integration Monolithic Princeton University “If you can draw it, we can build it.” Vertical coupling of light via lateral tapers. Single growth step. Heterogeneous UC Berkeley Paste-and-Cut Approach Ion Cut Laser Lift-off 200  m InGaN LEDs on Si Cheung and Sands, Berkeley