1. Thesis Topics Prof. C.-P. Chang Tropical and Monsoon Meteorology  Focus on the area of Indian Ocean-Asia- Australia-Pacific  All topics on Weather and Climate in this area (all spatial and time scales)  Data Analysis (NWP analysis, satellite data)  General Circulation Model Simulation

2. Current Focuses  East Asian Summer Monsoon (Meiyu weather system in China/Japan/Korea and vicinity  East Asian Winter Monsoon, particularly on Maritime Continent Rainfall (Local, seasonal and climate variations of rainfall over Malaysia/Indonesia and vicinity)  Equatorial Tropical Cyclones

3. East Asian Summer Monsoon Convective systems Onset of phased Monsoon rainbelt Subtropical High MJO SCS Monsoon Onset

4. East Asian Winter Monsoon MJO Subtropical High Convective systems Cold Surges

5. EQ 110E   SINGAPORE KUALA LUMPUR 105E EQ 5N BORNEO ISLAND SUMATRA ISLAND GMS V 12/27/2001 0232 UTC Equatorial TC: Typhoon Vamei 2001 center at 1.5N, lowest latitude record Chang et al 2003, See Poster outside R251

6.  A classic formation criterion: 5 degrees away from equator (e.g., Gray, 1968, Anthes, 1982) No TC Formation at the Equator?  The lowest latitude of previously recorded development: Typhoon Sarah in 1956 (3.3°N)  Reason: Coriolis effect needed for initial spin- up

7. NOGAPS 850hPa Wind and Vorticity ( red +, green -)

8. + 12N 10N 8N 6N 4N 2N EQ 2S 102E 104E 106E 108E 110E 112E 12/26/2001 22:32 UTC BORNEO ISLAND SUMATRA ISLAND MALAY PENNINSULA QuikSCAT Winds

9. Topic on Equatorial Tropical Cyclone  Will more frequent development be observed with increased remote sensing?  Can equatorial formation occur elsewhere? (Surges are strongest in the South China Sea).  Mechanism of development.

10. Approach  NWP gridded data: NOGAPS, NCEP, ECMWF  Scatterometer Ocean surface winds: QuikSTAT  Satellite Data: Hourly IR, MODIS images, TRMM PR – Analyze recently observed equatorial vortices:

11. Typhoon Agni 2004

12. EQ 60E

13. NOGAP 1000 hPa Wind EQ 70E