1. Microbiology

2. Bacteria 1. How many cells? 2. Type of organism? 3. Nucleus?
4. Membrane bound organelles?
5. What kingdom are they in?
Unicellular No
Prokaryotic No
Monera

3. What does bacteria look like?
Coccus (sphere)
Bacillus (rod)
Spirillum (spiral)

4. How do bacteria get their energy?
Autotrophic
Photosynthesis (use suns energy)
Chemosynthesis (use chemical energy)

5. Heterotrophic
Saprophytic: obtain food from dead organisms
Parasites: live off of living organism; damage that organism
Mutualism: Bacteria and living organism benefit (Ex: E. coli- intestinal bacteria)

6. Respiration Aerobic: Live in presence of oxygen
Anaerobic: Live in absence of oxygen

7. Movement Flagella: Acts like a motor to propel bacteria forward
Slime layer: Secrete slime and “slide” along the slime (similar to a slug)

8. Reproduction Binary fission: asexual; divide in two
Conjugation: share DNA between two bacterium
Endospores: Survive in extreme conditions (temp, drought, flood, radiation)

9. Bacteria are helpful
Nitrogen fixation, food preparation, decay
Bacteria are harmful
Disease, spoiled food

10. Nitrogen Fixation
Symbiotic (mutualism) relationship between bacteria and plants.
Bacteria get food from plants, plants get nitrates from bacteria

11. Food Preparation
Bacteria are used in the production of many foods such as buttermilk, cheese, yogurt, vinegar, and sauerkraut.

12. Decay: some bacteria are decomposers
Breakdown dead organisms sewage, waste in landfills (help recycle materials back into soil)

13. Other Benefits Antibiotic production
E. coli in human intestines (make vitamin K, essential amino acids, digestion of some sugars)
Genetic engineering
Cellulose digestion (symbiotic relationship with grazers)

14. Disease Most infections are caused by bacteria
Gangrene, tuberculosis, leprosy, strep throat, pneumonia, syphilis, typhus

15. Spoiled Food
Food poisoning is caused by bacteria
Botulism
Salmonella

16. Viruses

17. Structure Protein coat surrounds a nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA)
# of genes: few to over a hundred

18. Reproduction Must have a host cell Cannot reproduce on its own
Two ways to reproduce
Lytic cycle
Lysogenic Cycle

19. Lytic Cycle Attachment of virus to host cell Inject DNA into host cell
Replicate DNA
Assemble new virus particles
Lyse (kills host cell)

20. Lysogenic Cycle Attachment of virus to host cell
Inject DNA into host cell
Viral DNA becomes part of host cell (prophage)
Dormant, host cell reproduces
Activation and lyse

22. Diseases caused by Viruses
HIV
Influenza (flu)
Common Cold