2. Fuel Oil A Refiners outlook A student presentation For class-VII By Shagufta shaheen

3. Overview History of Use What Is Crude Oil? Concentration of Oil Oil Refining Where is the oil? How long will it last? What role do chemical engineers play?

4. Overview THE PURPOSE OF AN OIL REFINERY IS TO TRANSFORM RELATIVELY LOW VALUE CRUDE OIL INTO HIGH VALUE PRODUCTS AS EFFICIENTLY, PROFITABLY AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND A WAY AS POSSIBLE

5. History of Use 1000 A.D. Arab scientists discovered distillation and were able to make kerosene. This was lost after the 12 th century! Rediscovered by a Canadian geologist called Abraham Gesner in 1852 Abraham Gesner (1797-1864)

6. History of Use 1858: first oil drilled in Canada 1859: Edwin Drake! Who is he? –He was the first person in the U.S. to drill for oil Where? –Titusville, Pennsylvania

7. What Is Crude Oil? Crude Oil is a liquid mixture of thousands of organic chemicals found underground. It is the result of organic matter decaying over thousands of years; hence the name fossil fuel Crude oil is found all over the world and varies tremendously in its density, aromatics, sulfur, and metals content

8. Source of Oil What do we need? - Source rock - Reservoir rock - Cap Rock - Traps

9. Oil Refining Method by which crude oil converted to petroleum products –(I think that a barrel (42 gal produces 44 gal of petroleum products) Distillation (fractionation) –At high temperature the lightest fractions rise to the top of a tower, heavier fractions condense at bottom

10. Typical Fuels Refinery Naphthas Distillates Gas Oils Residual (0 - 40%) Residual (0 - 40%) PLPG Crude Oil Crude Oil Distillation Naphtha Distillates Gas Oils Residual (0 - 40%) LPG Crude Oil Crude Oil Distillation LPG Jet Fuel / Kero Gasoline Diesel / Heating Oils Diesel / Heating Oils Bunker/Fuel Oils Misc. Products Coke (carbon) Sulfur Misc. Products Coke (carbon) Sulfur Further Refining Further Refining

11. Oil Refining Typical Oil –Gasoline C 4 to C 10 27% –Kerosene C 11 to C 13 13% –DieselC 14 to C 18 12% –Heavy gas oil C 19 to C 25 10% –Lubricating oil C 26 -C 40 20% –Residue>C 40 18%

12. Oil Refining What we get out of oil now with modern refineries: –50% gas –30% fuel oil –7.5% jet fuel

13. Where is the oil found?

14. How long will it last? Quick Calculation. According to the previous graph we use about 72 million barrels per day. Oil reserves are 1201.332 billion barrels. This equates to approximately 45 years of oil!

15. How long will it last?

16. What Role Do Chemical Engineers Play? Operations Engineer Maintenance Engineer Control Systems Engineer Design Engineer Health/Safety/Environme ntal Engineer Planning / Scheduling Engineer Reliability Engineer Plant Manager

17. Other Ways Chemical Engineers Support The Refining Industry Research & Development Engineers Technical Sales Engineers Engineering & Construction Engineers Governmental Regulators (EPA) University Professors