1. Perceptions of Racial Profiling: Reserve Article Exercise Research question: –The authors give you insight into the purpose of their research in two places: Last sentence in the Introduction—general Last sentence in the Racial Bias in Police Stops section— more specific –A restatement of the purpose into a research question would look like the following: Does the relationship between perceived experiences with racial profiling and attitudes toward police operate differently across race, class, and a combination of race and class?

2. Find & Assess Hypotheses HypothesesType H 0-1: There will be no differences in perceptions of racial profiling across race. Null H 1 : African-Americans will be more critical of racial profiling than whites. D H 0-2: There will be no differences in views of and experience with racial profiling across middle-class and disadvantaged groups. Null H 2 : Middle-class people will differ from disadvantaged people in their views of and experience with racial profiling. ND H 2a : The relationship between class and views of and experience with racial profiling will not differ by race. Null H 2a : The relationship between class and views of and experience with racial profiling will differ by race. ND

3. Article Hypotheses, Continued HypothesesType H 0-3: Perceived experiences with racial profiling will not result in different attitudes toward the police. Null H 3 : Perceived experiences with racial profiling will result in different attitudes toward the police. ND H 0-4 : Perceived experiences with racial profiling will not result in different perceptions of racial profiling. Null H 4 : Perceived experiences with racial profiling will result in different perceptions of racial profiling. ND

4. Hypotheses, Continued HypothesesType H 0-5 : The impact of perceived experiences with racial profiling on attitudes toward police and racial profiling will not differ across race. Null H 5 : The impact of perceived experiences with racial profiling on attitudes toward police and racial profiling will differ across race. ND H 0-6 : The impact of perceived experiences with racial profiling on attitudes toward police and racial profiling will not differ across class. Null H 6 : The impact of perceived experiences with racial profiling on attitudes toward police and racial profiling will differ across class. ND

5. Hypotheses, Continued HypothesesType H 0-7 : The impact of perceived experiences with racial profiling on attitudes toward racial profiling and toward police will not differ across race & class. Null H 7 : The impact of perceived experiences with racial profiling on attitudes toward racial profiling and toward police will differ across race & class. ND

6. Identify the Data & Measures Description of Sampling and Data Used: Random-digit dialing telephone survey of 2,006 respondents between Sept. 24 and November 16, 1999. Representative of adults living in telephone households in continental U.S. African-Americans were oversampled—this study limited to 961 African-Americans and 903 Whites. Independent VariablesControl VariablesDependent Variables RaceGenderAttitudes Toward RP Class (Educ. & Income)AgePerceived Exp w/RP Perceived Exp. with RPEmployment statusAttitudes Toward Police Marital status Place of residence Region Fear of Crime Recent violent crime

7. Find & Assess Hypotheses HypothesesSupport or Refute H 0-1: There will be no differences in perceptions of racial profiling across race. Reject H 1 : African-Americans will be more critical of racial profiling than whites. Support (Table 1,2,3) H 0-2: There will be no differences in views of and experience with racial profiling across middle-class and disadvantaged groups. Accept H 2 : Middle-class people will differ from disadvantaged people in their views of and experience with racial profiling. Reject H 2a : The relationship between class and views of and experience with racial profiling will not differ by race. Mixed H 2a : The relationship between class and views of and experience with racial profiling will differ by race. Mixed (page 449, 2 nd paragraph)

8. Article Hypotheses, Continued HypothesesSupport or Refute H 0-3: Perceived experiences with racial profiling will not result in different attitudes toward the police. Reject H 3 : Perceived experiences with racial profiling will result in different attitudes toward the police. Support (Table 3) H 0-4 : Perceived experiences with racial profiling will not result in different perceptions of racial profiling. Mixed H 4 : Perceived experiences with racial profiling will result in different perceptions of racial profiling. Mixed (Table 3, Model 7/8)

9. Hypotheses, Continued HypothesesSupport or Refute H 0-5 : The impact of perceived experiences with racial profiling on attitudes toward police and racial profiling will not differ across race. Accept H 5 : The impact of perceived experiences with racial profiling on attitudes toward police and racial profiling will differ across race. Reject (Page 449, Paragraph 1) H 0-6 : The impact of perceived experiences with racial profiling on attitudes toward police and racial profiling will not differ across class. Accept H 6 : The impact of perceived experiences with racial profiling on attitudes toward police and racial profiling will differ across class. Reject (Page 449, Paragraph 1)

10. Hypotheses, Continued HypothesesSupport or Refute H 0-7 : The impact of perceived experiences with racial profiling on attitudes toward racial profiling and toward police will not differ across race & class. Accept H 7 : The impact of perceived experiences with racial profiling on attitudes toward racial profiling and toward police will differ across race & class. Reject (Page 449, Paragraph 1)