1. Aim: How did the goals and characteristics of Renaissance art differ from those of Medieval art? Do Now: Based on our discussion of Machiavelli from Friday, why are his ideas about politics a product of the Renaissance?

2. Niccoló Machiavelli (1469-1527) Why is Machiavelli a product of the Renaissance? 1. Believed that human behavior and human nature were worth studying and understanding (very humanist) 2. Rulers should do what they have to (“the end justifies the means”) in order to control their subjects and create a stable society, even ignoring moral considerations (a more secular, less religious view).

3. Giotto: Madonna and Child (ca 1300) Goals of Medieval Art

4. Characteristics: -Paintings are rare - Emphasis on religious images (man is seen as small, insignificant; earthly settings are rarely seen because Earth and humans are unimportant) - Flat (lacked depth, background) - Dull Colors - Unrealistic (realism degrades the holiness of the subjects) - Disproportionate (religious figures depicted the largest) - Rigid, with no appearance of movement Goals of Medieval Art

5. Botticelli: Birth of Venus (1486) Goals of Renaissance Art

6. Characteristics: - Religious and Classical Themes (influence of humanism) - Use of perspective (illusion of depth, three dimensions) - Very Realistic → Attention to shadows, light sources, accurate human anatomy - Celebration of the human body (very humanist!) - Elaborate backgrounds - Vibrant colors and vivid details - Objects are in proportion - Appearance of movement Goals of Renaissance Art

7. Transitional Painters Giotto (1266-1337): The Baptism of Christ (1305) Medieval: Emphasis on halos and angels (unrealistic), religious themes and symbolism, stiff characters. Renaissance: Some shadowing, greater proportion, some attempts to create a light source, we know the name of the artist!

8. Transitional Painters Fra Angelico (1395-1455): Madonna and Child with Angels (1425-1430) Medieval: Focus on Jesus, heavy religious symbolism, stiff characters Renaissance: Use of perspective to achieve a religious message (Jesus in the foreground).

9. High Renaissance Painters and Sculptors Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519) – True Renaissance Man – Scientist, inventor, engineer and artist – Dissected corpses, created detailed drawings of the human anatomy, developed early airplane models

10. Leonardo Da Vinci: The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne (1508)

11. Leonardo Da Vinci: The Last Supper (1495-1498)

12. High Renaissance Painters and Sculptors Michelangelo (1475- 1564) – Famous Paintings: The Sistine Ceiling and The Last Judgment – Famous Sculptures: David, Moses, Pieta – Incredible energy and endurance

13. Michelangelo: Creation of Adam (Sistine Ceiling)

14. Michelangelo: Sculptures DavidMoses

15. Michelangelo: Pieta