1. Charismatic and Transformational Leadership
Chapter 12
Charismatic and Transformational Leadership
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2. Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education Leadership in Organizations
Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
Understand how the theories of charismatic and transformational leadership differ from earlier leadership theories.
Understand similarities and differences among the major theories of charismatic and transformational leadership.
Understand how attributions of charisma are jointly determined by the leader, the followers, and the situation.
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3. Learning Objectives (Cont.)
Understand what traits, behaviors, and influence processes are involved in charismatic and transformational leadership.
Understand the benefits and costs of charismatic leadership for followers and the organization.
Understand how to apply the theories to become more effective as a leader.
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4. Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education Leadership in Organizations
Learning Objective 1
Understand how the theories of charismatic and transformational leadership differ from earlier leadership theories
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Charismatic and Transformational Leadership theories differ from earlier theories
Emotional and symbolic aspects of leadership
Follower perceptions of leader qualities
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Learning Objective 2
• Understand similarities and differences among the major theories of charismatic and transformational leadership
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Charismatic Theories
Charisma
Max Weber – Divinely inspired gift
Social crisis
Radical vision offering a solution
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8. Transformational Theories
Transforming Leadership
Political leadership
Appeals to followers’ moral values, raises consciousness and mobilizes energies
Contrasts with transactional leadership which appeals to followers’ self-interest and exchange
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9. Transformation and Charismatic: Compare and Contrast
One of the most important issues for leadership scholars is the extent to which transformational leadership and charismatic leadership are similar and compatible.
Some theorists treat the two types of leadership as essentially equivalent, whereas other theorists view them as distinct but overlapping processes.
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Learning Objective 3
Understand how attributions of charisma are jointly determined by the leader, the followers, and the situation
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11. Attributions of Charisma
Follower attributions of charisma depends on leader behavior
Novel and appealing vision
Emotional appeal to values
Unconventional behavior
Self-sacrifices
Confidence and optimism
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12. Attributions of Charisma (Cont.)
Follower attributions of charisma depends on aspects of the situation
Follower anxiety
Follow disenchantment
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Learning Objective 4
Understand what traits, behaviors, and influence processes are involved in charismatic and transformational leadership
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Charismatic Theories
Attribution theory
Behaviors?
Influence processes?
Facilitating conditions?
Self –concept theory
Traits & behaviors?
Influence processes?
Facilitating conditions?
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15. Transformational Behaviors
Original Theory Behaviors
Revised Theories’ Behaviors
Inspirational motivation
Idealized influence behavior
Idealized influence attributions
Idealized influence
Intellectual stimulation
Individualized consideration
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16. Transactional Behaviors
Original Theory Behaviors
Revised Theories’ behaviors
Contingence reward
Passive management by exception
Active management by exception
Laissez-faire
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Learning Objective 5
Understand the benefits and costs of charismatic leadership for followers and the organization
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18. Negative Charismatics
Personalized power orientation
Instill devotion to themselves
Use ideological appeals to gain power
Seek to dominate and subjugate
Centralize authority
Use punishment and rewards to manipulate
Restrict information
Self-glorifying decisions
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19. Organizational Effects of Negative Charismatics
Risky decisions can result in serious failures
Make more determined enemies
Excessive optimism blinds the leader to strategic flaws
Close identification with vision undermines objective evaluation
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20. Organizational Effects of Negative Charismatics (Cont.)
Judgment may not be questioned
Reject evidence of an unrealistic vision
Followers can be inhibited from suggesting improvements
Alienate or polarize people
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21. Positive Charismatics
Socialized power orientation
Instill devotion to ideology
Emphasize internalization
Self-sacrifice
Lead by example
Delegate authority
Shared information
Participative decision-making
Rewards used to reinforce
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22. Organizational Effects of Positive Charismatics
Follower growth and development
Environmental adaptation
Achievement-oriented culture
High-performing system
Clearly understood mission
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23. Organizational Effects of Positive Charismatics (Cont.)
Mission embodies social values
Empowerment
Open communication
Shared information
Structures and systems support mission
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Learning Objective 6
Understand how to apply the theories to become more effective as a leader
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Research
Survey studies
Laboratory and field experiments
Comparative biographical studies
Intensive case studies
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26. Guidelines for Leaders
Articulate a clear and appealing vision
Explain how vision can be attained
Act confident and optimistic
Express confidence in followers
Use symbolic actions to emphasize values
Lead by example
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