1. The Microscope Getting “Up Close and Personal” with the Cell

2. History Review  Robert Hooke  Anton van Leeuwenhoek  Matthias Schleiden  Theodor Schwann  Rudolph Virchow  What does it mean?  Micro-  Scope-

3. Microscope Characteristics  Magnification = making an image appear larger than its actual size.  Resolution = how clear the image is.

4. Types of Microscopes  Compound Light Microscopes  Electron Microscopes  Transmission electron microscope  Scanning electron microscope  Scanning Tunneling Microscope

5. Compound Light Microscope  Light passes through one or more lenses.  Magnifies the image up to 2,000X  Is commonly used in classrooms.  Good to view shape of cells and movement (cells that are alive).

6. Parts of the Compound Light Microscope  Eyepiece = Magnifies the image 10X.  Low-power objective = magnifies the image another 4X.  High-power objective = further magnifies the image, from 10X to 40X.  Nosepiece = holds the objectives.

7. Parts of the Compound Light Microscope  Body tube = maintains distance between nosepiece and objectives.  Stage = holds the slide with specimen.  Coarse adjustment = moves the stage up and down to focus.  Fine adjustment = moves the stage slightly to focus image.

8. Parts of the Compound Light Microscope  Stage clips = hold the slide in place.  Light source = provides light for viewing the image.  Arm = supports the body tube.  Base = supports the microscope.  Diaphragm = controls the amount of light that passes through.

9. Electron Microscope  Two types:  Transmission Electrons Microscope (TEM)  Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)  Can magnify an image up to 200,000X  Used to view small structures inside cells.  Can only view dead cells.

10. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)  Show details of cell’s interior.  Images usually black and white.  Computers may add color to the images.

11. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)  Shows 3-D images of cell’s surface.  Images are black and white.  Computers may add color to the images.

12. Scanning Tunneling Microscope  Used to view very small objects (even individual atoms).  Creates 3-D image of specimen’s surface.  Can be used to view living things.

13. Which picture belongs to which microscope (LM, SEM, TEM)?

16. Microscope Interactive Website http://www.wisc- online.com/objects/index_tj.as p?objid=BIO905 http://www.wisc- online.com/objects/index_tj.as p?objid=BIO905

17. Integrating Math  If you are viewing a cell on a compound light microscope and the eyepiece has a magnification of 10x and you are using the 40x high power objective, what is the total magnification of the image?  (10x) X (40x) = 400x  The cell is being magnified 400 times.

18. Review Microscope Handling Procedures

19. Review Questions  How does the light microscope differ from the electron microscope?  What kind of microscope is used in most classrooms?  Which microscope would you use if the object you were viewing was too thick to let light pass through it?  What advantage does the compound light microscope have over the electron microscope?