1. COMPARISON AND CONTRAST ESSAY
Presented by: Edi Brata

2. TO COMPARE AND TO CONTRAST
To compare means to discuss how two people, places, ot things are similar.
To contrast means to discuss how two people, places, or things are different.

3. COMPARISON STRUCTURE WORDS
SENTENCE CONNECTORS
CLAUSE CONNECTORS
OTHERS
SUBORDINATORS
COORDINATORS/ CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
similarly
likewise
also
too as
just as
and
both ... and
not only ... but also
neither ... nor
like (+noun)
just like (+noun)
similar to (+noun)
(be) similar (to)
(be) the same as
(be) the same
(be) alike
to compare to/with

4. COMPARISON STRUCTURE WORDS
Examples:
Human workers can detect malfunctions in machinery.
Robot can be programmed to detect equipment malfunctions.
Human workers can detect malfunctions in machinery; likewise/ similarly, robot can be programmed to detect equipment malfunctions.

5. COMPARISON STRUCTURE WORDS
Examples:
Human workers can detect malfunctions in machinery.
Robot can be programmed to detect equipment malfunctions.
Human workers can detect malfunctions in machinery; robot can also.

6. COMPARISON STRUCTURE WORDS
Examples:
Human workers can detect malfunctions in machinery.
Robot can be programmed to detect equipment malfunctions.
Human workers can detect malfunctions in machinery; robot can too.

7. COMPARISON STRUCTURE WORDS
Examples:
Human workers can detect malfunctions in machinery.
Robot can be programmed to detect equipment malfunctions.
Robot can detect malfunctions in machinery, as/just as human workers can.

8. COMPARISON STRUCTURE WORDS
Examples:
Human workers can detect malfunctions in machinery.
Robot can be programmed to detect equipment malfunctions.
Robot and human worker can detect malfunctions.
Both Robot and human worker can detect malfunctions.
Not only robot but also human worker can detect malfunctions.

9. COMPARISON STRUCTURE WORDS
Examples:
Human workers can detect malfunctions in machinery.
Robot can be programmed to detect equipment malfunctions.
Robot, like/just like/similar to human worker, can detect malfunctions.
Robot is similar to/ is the same as human worker because they can both detect malfunctions.
In their ability to detect malfunctions, robot and human worker are the same.

10. COMPARISON STRUCTURE WORDS
Examples:
Human workers can detect malfunctions in machinery.
Robot can be programmed to detect equipment malfunctions.
Robot and human worker are alike/ are similar because they can both detect malfunctions.
Robot can be compared to/ be compared with human worker in their ability to detect malfunctions.

11. CONTRAST STRUCTURE WORDS (CONCESSION/ UNEXPECTED RESULT)
SENTENCE CONNECTORS
CLAUSE CONNECTORS
OTHERS
SUBORDINATORS
COORDINATORS/ CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
however
nevertheless
nonetheless
still
although
even though
though
but
yet
despite (+noun)
in spite of (+noun)

12. CONTRAST STRUCTURE WORDS (CONCESSION/ UNEXPECTED RESULT)
Examples:
It began to rain; however/nevertheless/nonetheless/still, we continued our hike.
We continued our hike although/even though/though it began to rain.
It began to rain, but/yet we continued our hike.
Despite/in spite of the rain, we continued our hike.

13. CONTRAST STRUCTURE WORDS (DIRECT OPPOSITION)
SENTENCE CONNECTORS
CLAUSE CONNECTORS
OTHERS
SUBORDINATORS
COORDINATORS/ CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
however
in contrast
in (by) comparison
on the other hand
on the contrary
while
whereas
But
differ from
compared (to/with)
(be) different (from)
(be) dissimilar to
(be) unlike

14. CONTRAST STRUCTURE WORDS (DIRECT OPPOSITION)
Examples:
The term rock music commonly refers to music styles after 1959 that were influenced primarily by white musicians; however/in contrast/in comparison/on the other hand, rhytm-and-blues music styles were influenced by black musicians.
The term rock music commonly refers to music styles after 1959 that were influenced primarily by white musicians, whereas/while rhytm-and-blues music styles were influenced by black musicians.
The term rock music commonly refers to music styles after 1959 that were influenced primarily by white musicians, but rhytm-and-blues music styles were influenced by black musicians.

15. CONTRAST STRUCTURE WORDS (DIRECT OPPOSITION)
Examples:
Early rock music differs from later styles in that later styles make use of electronics to produce the sound.
Compared to/Compared with earlier rock styles, later rock styles have harder a harder sound.
Early rock music different from/dissimilarto/unlike later rock music.

16. ORGANIZATION FOR COMPARISON AND CONTRAST ESSAY
Block Organization
We discuss all of the similarities in one block, and all of the differences in another block.
Point-by-Point Organization
We make a sentence-by-sentence comparison of features in any order that seems appropiate for the topic.

17. ORGANIZATION FOR COMPARISON AND CONTRAST ESSAY
Model Block Organization
Thesis Statement:
One way to decide between two job offers is to evaluate what the similarities and the differences are before making a decision.
The salary and fringe benefits of job X and job Y are almost the same.
Salary (job X and job Y)
Fringe benefits (job X and job Y)
Although the salary and fringe benefits are equal, there are big differences in the areas of workplace athmosphere and opportunity for advancement
Workplace athmosphere
Job X
Job Y
Opportunity for advancement
Conclusion

18. ORGANIZATION FOR COMPARISON AND CONTRAST ESSAY
Model Point-by-Point Organization
Thesis Statement:
One way to decide between two job offers is to evaluate what the similarities and the differences are before making a decision.
The salaries of job X and job Y are approximately equal.
Job X’s salary
Job Y’s salary
Job X offers the same fringe benefits as Job Y.
Job X’s fringe benefits
Job Y’s fringe benefits
In contrast to Job Y, Job X offers good opportunities for advancement.
Job X’s opportunities for advancement
Job Y’s opportunities for advancement
Unlike the high-pressure and competitive athmosphere at Company X, the athmosphere at Company Y seems friendly and supportive.
Athmosphere at Company X
Athmosphere at Company Y
Conclusion