1. Artificial Insemination

2. History: Arab chieftain tale
Antony van Leeuwenhook, Dutch inventor of the microscope, was the first person to observe sperm under magnification.
In 1780, Lazzaro Spallanzani, an Italian physiologist, was the first to record the successful use of AI in his work with dogs and is considered the inventor of AI.

3. Ivanoff of Russia pioneered AI research in birds, horses, cattle, and sheep in 1899.
He was the first to successfully inseminate cattle artificially.
AI was first used on a large scale by Russia to reestablish its livestock industry following World War I and Britain used it for the same purpose following World War II.

4. Why AI? Increase Production Proves more sires
Eliminates danger and expense of keeping bulls and total bulls needed
Helps control disease
Prolongs service life of sires
Reduces injury
Improves management with better record keeping
Allows crossbreeding to be used to a max
Decreases overall sire costs

5. Why not AI? Human Detection of Heat Requires a skilled tech
May be subject to abuses
May accentuate poor traits

6. The head is of great importance because it contains the chromosomes (DNA).

7. The neck is short and contains the anterior centromere.
The body is approximately the same length as the head.
The lashing of the tail causes the sperm to move.

8. Although minor differences occur in their sizes, all spermatozoa are extremely small (much smaller than the egg cells, or ova).

9. Methods of semen collection:
Artificial vagina

11. Electrical stimulation: Electrode in the rectum

12. Collection

13. Massage of the Ampullae
insert the hand into the rectum and massages the ampullae and accessory glands, causing semen to drip from the sheath.
may be contaminated with urine and may contain too much accessory gland secretion for the number of sperm present.

14. Semen recovery from the vagina
the semen in the anterior vagina is aspirated into a syringe by means of a glass or rubber catheter introduced into the vagina
Usually mixed with female secretions
Spreads disease quickly

16. Number of Sperm per Insemination
Dilute semen
Species
Bull 1: cc15 million
Stallion cc 250 million
Boar 1: cc 2 million
Ram 1: cc 50 million
Semen Dilution Ratio
Volume of Semen
Needed per Service
Number of Sperm per Insemination
Volume of Semen & Concentration Per Insemination

17. AI equipment:
Semen straw: holds the semen; has an end plugged with cotton and another sealed end

18. Semen Tank Keeps semen frozen at -320 degrees F
Canes: sit in canister and hold straws
Canister: holds canes

19. Tweezers: used to extract semen straws out of canes and put in thaw box (need to be plastic)
Thaw Box: fill with water and heat to 95 degrees F
Cito Straw Cutter: clips crimped the end of the straw

20. Gun: holds the semen straw
Spiret: used to screw into sow’s vagina to deposit semen

21. Sheath: protective covering
O-ring: holds sheath in place
Speculum: opens up the vagina to locate the cervix

22. Other equipment needed:
Paper towels
Gloves
KY jelly