1. How do the different levels of government cooperate?
The Constitution divided government authority by:
Giving specific powers to the national governments and reserving all other powers to the states or the people

2. National Government
The Constitution grants 3 types of powers to the national government: expressed, implied and inherent.
Collectively they are known as the delegated powers.

3. Expressed Powers Directly expressed or stated in the Constitution
Most are found in the first 3 articles of the Constitution
These are also known as the enumerated powers (they are numbered)

4. Implied Powers
Those powers necessary to carry out the expressed powers.
They are not specifically mentioned.
They spring from and depend upon the expressed powers
Basis for the implied powers is the necessary and proper clause “elastic clause”

5. Inherent Powers
Powers the national government may exercise simply because they are the national government.
Examples: government must control immigration and establish diplomatic relations with other countries

6. Reserved Powers
Constitution reserves certain powers strictly to the states
The Constitution does not specifically list these powers
States have authority over matters not found in the Constitution (regulation of public schools)
Supremacy Clause
The acts and treaties of the United States are supreme

7. Concurrent Powers
Powers that both the national and state governments have and they exercise this power independently
Examples: tax, maintain courts, define crimes, eminent domain

8. Denied Powers
Constitution specifically denies some powers to all levels of government.
National government cannot: tax exports, cannot interfere with the ability of states to carry out their responsibilities
Powers denied to the states:
Treaties, alliances, coin money, make laws impairing obligation of contracts, grant titles of nobility

9. GUARANTEES TO THE STATES
1. EACH STATE A REPUBLICAN FORM OF GOVERNMENT
2. NATIONAL GOVERMENT MUST PROTECT STATES FROM INVASION AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY IS TO BE RESPECTED BY THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

10. ADMISSION OF NEW STATES
Congress has the power to admit new states
Congress passes an enabling act
People of territory prepare a state constitution
After drafted and approved by popular vote, it’s submitted to US Congress
If Congress agrees, it passes an act for admission of the new territory as a state

11. Obligation of the States
1. State and local government pay for election of all national officials
2. the process of amending the Constitution (3/4 of states must ratify)

12. Relations Among States
Article IV requires the states to give “full faith and credit” to laws, records and court decisions of other states
One state cannot enforce another state’s criminal laws
Give citizens of other state the same privileges as their own citizens
Extradite criminals and fugitives who flee across state lines to escape justice

13. Interstate Compacts
States can solve regional problems by negotiating interstate compacts
Must be approved by Congress
They are binding on all states signing them
Examples: boundary disputes, air and water pollutions, pest control, toll bridges
Supreme Court is the only court that hears cases where one state sues another