1. Resveratrol and Decreased Fat Deposition in C. elegans Alexandra Golway- Period 3 Manhasset Science Research

2. 1998 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1990, 1998, 2007 (*BMI 30, or about 30 lbs. overweight for 54 person) 2007 1990 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% 30% Source: Center for Disease Control & Prevention [http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/trend/maps/obesity_trends_2007.ppt#487,5,Slide 5] Need

3. Knowledge Base Figure 1: Chemical structure of Nile Red (A) & Sudan Black (B) staining. Nile Red staining in wild-type and mutant C. elegans (C-E). Sudan Black staining in wild- type (F) & mutant (G) organisms. Source: (Ashrafi, 2007) [http://www.wormbook.org/chapters/www_obesity/obesity.html]

4. Literature Review C. elegans genes have been identified to regulate fat storage with RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) 305 inactivations cause reduced fat storage 112 cause increased storage Some of these genes are present in mammals such as humans (Ashrafi, et al, 2003)

5. Literature Review C. elegans in dauer need AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to survive –Dauer- larval hibernation stage in which metabolic rate is slowed; fat deposits increase to sustain organism –AMPK- fat regulatory enzyme aak2 mutant dauers lack AMPK destroy fat (Roy, et al, 2009)

6. Literature Review Resveratrol improves health and survival of mice on a high- calorie diet –Resveratrol- chemical in wine and grapes; may explain French paradox (Baur, et al, 2006) Positive effects of Resveratrol in mice Increased survival Activation of AMPK Increased insulin Sensitivity less fatty acid syntase More mitochondria Less damage to Liver and pancreas Figure 2: Resveratrol caused many positive changes in the overall health of mice similar to the effects of caloric restriction (chart created by author adapted from materials from Baur, et al, 2006)

7. Literature Review Resveratrol has anti-obesity properties Prevented human preadipocytes (fat cell precursors) from developing into full- fledged fat cells Decreased fat storage Stimulates adiponectin (protein- decreases heart attack risk) Extremely high doses (3-5 g) (Fischer-Posovsky, et al, 2008)

8. Purpose/Hypothesis Purpose: to observe the effects of resveratrol on fat deposition in C. elegans and comparing it to caloric restriction Null hypothesis: Resveratrol will cause no change in fat deposition in C. elegans Alternate hypothesis: Resveratrol will cause a decrease in fat deposition and mimic the effects of caloric restriction

9. Methodology C. Elegans N= 75 25= control- no resveratrol or caloric restriction 25= experimental- caloric restriction Sudan Black Staining Inserted into E. coli food- Ingested by organism Fluorescent microscope examination Statistical analysis- Using SPSS program 25= experimental- Resveratrol (5.0 mg/kg per day)

10. Budget VendorOrder #QuantityDescriptionUnit PriceTotal Price Caenorhabditis Genetic CenterAB110Wild-type C. elegans$7.00$70.00 Carolina Biological 2009NP-17-35002Sudan III Stain$26.85$53.70

11. Do-ability Resveratrol studies have been done in previous years C. elegans is a useful model organism that is easily obtained Sudan Black staining and fluorescent microscope examination are possible