1. Dove

2. Rock Dove

3. Eurasian Collard Dove

4. White winged Dove

5. Morning Dove

6. Inca Dove

7. Migration Migration: starts in September in north and October in the south Migration: starts in September in north and October in the south Average 15 miles a day Average 15 miles a day

8. Mating: Monogomous Monogomous Both male and female incubate the eggs Both male and female incubate the eggs Mate in south in January or February and in north March or April Mate in south in January or February and in north March or April Cooing is their main courtship activity Cooing is their main courtship activity

9. Young 1 st egg is laid and two days later, the second is laid 1 st egg is laid and two days later, the second is laid 2-5 periods of nesting per year 2-5 periods of nesting per year Incubation is 14-15 days Incubation is 14-15 days Young eat pigeon milk Young eat pigeon milk Young dont breed their first year Young dont breed their first year

10. Habitat and Mortality 30-35% mortality by hunting and overall 50-70% mortality is normal annually 30-35% mortality by hunting and overall 50-70% mortality is normal annually Nest in trees 5-25 feet above the ground Nest in trees 5-25 feet above the ground

11. Quail

12. Gambels Quail

13. Scaled Quail

14. Mearns Quail

15. Bobwhite Quail

16. Bobwhite Markings Male measures: 10 to 11 inches long Male measures: 10 to 11 inches long Wingspan: 14 to 15 inches Wingspan: 14 to 15 inches Weight: 5 to 6 oz. Weight: 5 to 6 oz. Male Markings: white throat patch and the broad white stripe above eye extending from the bill to the nape of the neck Male Markings: white throat patch and the broad white stripe above eye extending from the bill to the nape of the neck Both have black border. Both have black border. Female Markings: same, but buff not white Female Markings: same, but buff not white Smaller in size and weight Smaller in size and weight

17. Mating Not sexually faithful!! (Promiscuous) Not sexually faithful!! (Promiscuous) Either hen or rooster can incubate eggs Either hen or rooster can incubate eggs Nesting: peak May to June Nesting: peak May to June Clutch – 12 to 15 eggs Clutch – 12 to 15 eggs Incubation – 23 days Incubation – 23 days Quail reach mature size: 14 to 16 weeks Quail reach mature size: 14 to 16 weeks

18. Lifespan: 70 to 80% population turnover annually 70 to 80% population turnover annually Life span is 4 to 5 years Life span is 4 to 5 years

19. Food Food: Food: 15% animal matter (beetles, weevils, crickets) 15% animal matter (beetles, weevils, crickets) 85% plant matter (seeds and fruits) 85% plant matter (seeds and fruits) Important Plants: Important Plants: Ragweed Ragweed Croton Croton Partridge Pea Partridge Pea Corn Corn Small grains Small grains Legumes Legumes

20. Water, Cover, Space Cover: Cover: Idle fields, open woodland, pastures, crop fields Idle fields, open woodland, pastures, crop fields Escape: Escape: Shrubs and thickets Shrubs and thickets Water: Water: From dew or surface water From dew or surface water Space: Space: ¼ square mile to 1 mile ¼ square mile to 1 mile

21. Turkey

22. Rio Grande Turkey

23. Eastern Turkey

24. Merriams Turkey

25. Characteristics Gobblers: adult male (12 to 20 lbs) Gobblers: adult male (12 to 20 lbs) -spurs on legs -spurs on legs -beard projecting from breast -beard projecting from breast -dark, iridescent breast plumage -dark, iridescent breast plumage Hens: female (8 to 12 lbs) Hens: female (8 to 12 lbs) -less iridescent -less iridescent -no beard or thinner and shorter than males -no beard or thinner and shorter than males

26. Prefer walking or running to flying* Prefer walking or running to flying* Run at 15 miles per hour Run at 15 miles per hour Fly at 40 miles per hour for short distances Fly at 40 miles per hour for short distances Hen scat (droppings) is normally spiraled Hen scat (droppings) is normally spiraled -looks like a piece of popcorn -looks like a piece of popcorn Gobbler scat is elongated and almost looks like a J. Gobbler scat is elongated and almost looks like a J.

27. Promiscuous (not sexually faithful) Promiscuous (not sexually faithful) Strutting male announces his territory and it attracts females Strutting male announces his territory and it attracts females Females breed once each spring Females breed once each spring Eggs – 8 to 26: Average 12 Eggs – 8 to 26: Average 12 Incubate 28 days Incubate 28 days Fly at 10 days old Fly at 10 days old Roost at 2 weeks old Roost at 2 weeks old *Very susceptible to disease *Very susceptible to disease Poult diet is 90% insect in first two weeks Poult diet is 90% insect in first two weeks Nesting hens need water with in 400 yards from nest Nesting hens need water with in 400 yards from nest

28. Habitat Food: Food: A variety of hard and soft mast producing trees and shrubs. A variety of hard and soft mast producing trees and shrubs. Well distributed bugged areas Well distributed bugged areas Cover: Cover: Mix of grassy openings and mature stands of trees or shrubs with good visibility in under story Mix of grassy openings and mature stands of trees or shrubs with good visibility in under story Water: Water: A reliable, year-round source of water A reliable, year-round source of water