1. By Morgan Kennard CHILD ABUSE AND THE LAW

2. DEFINITION Broadly accepted definition: an act, or failure to act, which results in a child’s serious harm or risk of harm by their caretaker. This includes physical or emotional harm, exploitation or death. Neglect: when caretaker fails to provide for child’s basic needs. Include three types: Physical Emotional Sexual

3. PHYSICAL Non accidental physical trauma/injury inflicted by a parent Examples: Beating Kicking Biting Burning The most visible form of child mistreatment

4. SIGNS OF PHYSICAL ABUSE Unexplained injuries Burns Bites Bruises Broken bones Behavior Changes Eating Sleeping School performance/attendance

5. EMOTIONAL Pattern of behavior by caregivers which interfere with child’s cognitive, emotional, psychological or social development. Examples: Ignoring Rejecting Isolating Verbally assaulting Terrorizing Least visible form of child maltreatment

6. SIGNS OF EMOTIONAL ABUSE Indicators Low self-confidence/poor self image Fearful/inability to trust Anxious/depressed Detached/difficultly forming relationships Feelings of shame/guilt Social/emotional/academic delays

7. SIGNS OF EMOTIONAL ABUSE CONT. Observable Behaviors Self destructive behaviors Sleep/speech disorders Overly demanding Avoids eye contact Negative statements about self

8. SEXUAL The sexual exploitation of a child, both touching and non-touching, by a caregiver. Examples: Sexual intercourse

9. SIGNS OF SEXUAL ABUSE Difficulty walking/sitting Nightmares Bedwetting Refusal to change in front of others Inappropriate sexual behaviors Poor self esteem Avoid relationships

10. SENTENCING FACTORS State abuse took place Child’s age Type of abuse Offenders criminal history

11. PENALTIES Lifetime requirement register as a sex offender Termination of parental rights Supervised access to child Continued involvement with a child protective services Criminal record Loss of the child

12. EFFECTS FACTORS Severity of abuse Frequency of abuse Age of child when abuse begins Childs relationship to the abuser Availability of support group Child’s ability to cope

13. SHORT TERM EFFECTS Physical Unexplained injuries. I.e burns, cuts, bruises, welts, bite marks Antisocial behavior Problems in school Fear of adults

14. SHORT TERM EFFECTS CONT. Emotional Apathy Depression Hostility or stress Lack of concentration Eating disorders

15. SHORT TERM EFFECTS CONT. Inappropriate interest or knowledge of sexual acts Nightmares and bed wetting Drastic changes in appetite Over compliance or excessive aggression Fear of a particular person/family member.

16. LIFETIME IMPACTS 25% more likely to experience teen pregnancy 75% violent juveniles severely abused. 80% violent juveniles witness violence at home About two-thirds of people in treatment for drug abuse, report being abused/neglected as children. 80% of 21 met criteria for at least one psychological disorder 30% will continue cycle of abuse

17. OTHER STATISTICS Report of child abuse made every ten seconds More than four children die every day Approx. 80% children that die under age of 4 One to two-thirds of child maltreatment cases involve substance use to some degree

18. MANDATORY REPORTING LAWS Required in some states. Must report reasons to suspect child abuse or face penalties Done through a hotline or law enforcement agency Considered a misdemeanor in most states Consequences: Fines Jail time Both

19. MANDATORY REPORTING LAW CONT. Required Any person Emphasized in certain occupations Physicians Nurses Licensed health care professionals Any other officials and institutions

20. BIBLIOGRAPHY "Child Abuse and Neglect." Joyful Heart Foundation. N.p.. Web. 14 Nov 2013.. "Definitions of Child Abuse and Neglect in Federal Law." Child Welfare.gov. N.p.. Web. 14 Nov 2013.. "Child Abuse Penalties and Sentencing." FindLaw. N.p.. Web. 14 Nov 2013.. "Utah Child Abuse Laws." FindLaw. N.p.. Web. 14 Nov 2013.. "National Child Abuse Statistics." Childhelp. childhelp. Web. 14 Nov 2013. <http://www.childhelp.org/pages/statistics "Child Abuse Overview." FindLaw. N.p.. Web. 14 Nov 2013.. "Child Physical Abuse." americanhumane.org. American Humane Association. Web. 15 Nov 2013.. "10 Signs of Child Abuse & Neglect." safehorizon. N.p.. Web. 15 Nov 2013.. "Physical Child Abuse Effects." Child Abuse Effects. N.p.. Web. 15 Nov 2013.. "Child Sexual Abuse." americanhumane.org. N.p.. Web. 15 Nov 2013.. "Emotional Abuse." americanhumane.org. N.p.. Web. 15 Nov 2013.. Gaines, Larry K., and Roger Leroy Miller. Criminal Justice. 7th. Wadsworh, Cengage Learning, 2013. Print. Petro, Lori. "Emotional Abuse Signs." Teach through Love. N.p.. Web. 16 Nov 2013.. Christensen, Tracy. "Utah Child Abuse Statutes and Child Abuse Reporting Law.". Salt Lake County Children's Justice Center. Web. 22 Nov 2013.. Shannon, Joyce Brennfleck. Child Abuse Sourcebook. 2nd edition. Omnigraphics, Inc., Print. CHILDREN,. "Effects of Child Abuse." Childrens.org. N.p.. Web. 23 Nov 2013..