1. Chap 15: Environmental Concerns: Wastes and Pollution Anita Sego Spring, 2005

2. Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution Chapter Objectives Define the terms environment, ecology, and biosphere. Explain how human activities affect the environment through the production of wastes and residues. Name the primary sources of solid wastes. List and briefly explain the four approaches to solid waste management.

3. Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution Chapter Objectives Define hazardous wastes. Explain the difference between sanitary and secured landfills. Identify the five approaches to hazardous waste management. Explain what is meant by the term Superfund. Explain the Pollution Standard Index (PSI).

4. Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution Chapter Objectives Briefly describe acid rain, ozone layer, global warming, and photochemical smog. Identify the major indoor air pollutants. Explain the difference in point source and nonpoint source pollution. Identify the categories of water pollution.

5. Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution Chapter Objectives Briefly describe waste water treatment. List means of conserving water. Name the primary sources of radiation. Explain how nuclear wastes are handled in the United States. Identify the two basic characteristics of sound. Identify steps to reduce problems associated with noise pollution.

6. Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution Introduction to Environment External conditions, circumstances, and influences surrounding and affecting the growth and development of an organism or a community of organisms. Ecology Biosphere

7. Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution Natural Environmental Hazards Natural hazards Biology hazards –Insect –Microbiological –Vegetation Psychological hazards –Stress –Boredom –Anxiety Sociological hazards –Overcrowding –Isolation –Anomie

8. Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution Residues & Wastes from Humans Factors contributing –urbanization –industrialization –human population growth –production and use of disposable products

9. Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution Types of Wastes and Pollution Solid wastes Hazardous Waste Water and its pollution Radiation Noise pollution

10. Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution Solid Waste Sources of solid waste –agriculture –mining –industry –municipalities –utilities Decomposing waste

11. Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution Sources of Waste

12. Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution Solid Waste Solid wastes management –collection –disposal sanitary landfills incineration recycling source reduction

13. Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution Hazardous Waste A product that may 1.cause or contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serous irreversible, or incapacitating reversible illness, or 2. Pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, or disposed of, or otherwise managed.

14. Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution Hazardous Waste Management –Secured landfill - least expensive –Deep well injection –Incineration of Hazardous waste –Hazardous Waste Recycling and Neutralization –Source Reduction

15. Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution Hazardous Waste Cleanup Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act Superfund

16. Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution Air Pollution Contaminants of Outdoor Air –transportation –electric power plants –industry - mills & refineries National Ambient Air Quality Standards Pollutant Standard Index

17. Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution Special Concerns with Outdoor Air Acid Rain Destruction of the Ozone Layer –chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Global Warming –greenhouse gases –greenhouse effect Photochemical Smog –thermal inversion

18. Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution Indoor Air Indoor Air Pollutants –asbestos –formaldehyde –radon –environmental tobacco smoke –volatile organic compounds Air Quality and Conservation –sick building syndrome –ventilation –testing

19. Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution Water Pollution Sources of water Treatment of water for use –coagulation and flocculation –sedimentation –filtration –disinfection

20. Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution Sources of Water Pollution Point source pollution - single identifiable source that discharges pollutants into the water. nonpoint source pollution - all pollution that occurs through the runoff, seepage, of falling of pollutants into the water.

21. Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution Types of Water Pollutants Biological pollutants –pathogens –overgrowth of aquatic plants Toxic pollutants –inorganic chemicals –radioactive materials –synthetic organic chemicals

22. Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution Water Quality Strategies to ensure safe water –policy –water treatment –municipal waste water treatment –primary treatment –secondary treatment –tertiary treatment –septic systems –conservation

23. Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution Radiation Sources Naturally –Cosmic radiation - sun & outer space –Terrestrial radiation - Earth & its minerals –Internal radiation - inside the body from ingestion Human-made –X-rays –Nuclear medicine –Nuclear weapons

24. Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution Sources of Radiation

25. Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution Radiation Danger –Roentgen equivalent man - REMS –damage cells & tissues Policy –USDE –Nuclear waste disposal is highly controversial

26. Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution Noise Pollution Measure by annoyance factor Frequency –cycles per second –hertz –vibrations per second Amplitude –decibels (dB) Noise abatement –Policy - Noise Control Act of 1972 –Education programs –Environmental changes

27. Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution Chapter 15 Environmental Concerns: Wastes and Pollution