1. Warm Up:
Find 2 examples of each of the 5 themes of AP World History in chapters 1-14 of your textbooks.
Write these in your own words so you can explain them to your classmates
The Five Themes of AP World History:
Theme 1 – Interaction between humans and the environment
Theme 2 – Development and interaction of cultures
Theme 3 – State-building, expansion and conflict
Theme 4 – Creation, expansion and interactions of economic systems
Theme 5 – Development and transformation of social structures

2. Work with a partner and compare your examples
(5minutes)

3. The Maritime Revolution, to 1550
Chapter 15
The Maritime Revolution, to 1550

4. I. Global Maritime Expansion Before 1450
The Pacific Ocean
Polynesian Sailors
Sailed across the Pacific and spread Polynesian culture
- Fiji, Tahiti, Hawaii, New Zealand, Easter Island
Made journeys of over 2,000 nautical miles

5. I. Global Maritime Expansion Before 1450
2. Polynesian Technology
Outrigger canoes
Combination of oars and sails
Fast
Stable in rough waters
Lacked navigational equipment
written language

6. I. Global Maritime Expansion Before 1450
3. Polynesian Motives
Expand political power
Relive population pressure due to limited resources

7. I. Global Maritime Expansion Before 1450
B. The Indian Ocean
1. Chinese Exploration
Ming traders wanted to establish direct contact with people around Indian Ocean
Motives
- Increase trade
- Project power
- Curiosity
Sent out 7 imperial fleets between

9. I. Global Maritime Expansion Before 1450
2. Chinese Maritime Technology
Imperial fleets led by Admiral Zheng He
Fleet consisted of 62 “treasure ships”
- 300 ft long by 150 ft wide
- Nine mast, twelve sails
Capacity of 3,000 tons
Hundreds of smaller ships
27,000 people including infantry and Calvary

10. Treasure Ship

11. I. Global Maritime Expansion Before 1450
3. Impacts of Chinese Explorations
Stimulated trade between China and Indian Ocean peoples
Ming officials opposed high cost of voyages, as well as increased contact with “barbarians”
China’s withdrawal left a power vacuum in the Indian Ocean

12. I. Global Maritime Expansion Before 1450
C. The Atlantic Ocean
The Vikings
Permanently settled islands of the North Atlantic
Iceland and Greenland
Leif Ericsson established a small & short lived Viking settlement in Newfoundland, called Vinland in 1000
- Abandoned in 1200

13. I. Global Maritime Expansion Before 1450
2. Viking technology
Longships
- Combination of oars and sails
Capable of sailing on open seas and rivers
fast
No compass, were able to use stars to plot their course
“sunstones”

14. I. Global Maritime Expansion Before 1450
3. Viking Motives
Limited resources
Population pressure
Expansion of political power

15. Voyages of the Vikings

16. Compare
The maritime expansion before 1450 of 2 of the following groups:
Polynesians
Chinese
Vikings

17. Work with a partner to develop a thesis to answer the prompt:
Warm Up:
Work with a partner to develop a thesis to answer the prompt:
Compare the maritime expansion before 1450 of 2 of the following groups:
Polynesians
Chinese
Vikings
Remember: The thesis must directly address the question, a simple restatement will NOT suffice

18. II. European Expansion 1400-1500
Motives
Four Trends
Revival of urban life and trade
European “alliance” between merchants and rulers
Islamic domination of the Mediterranean
Curiosity about the outside world

19. II. European Expansion 1400-1500
2. Iberian Kingdoms
Spain and Portugal
Centuries of warfare with Muslim kingdoms
“Reconquesta”
Spain unified in 1462
Last Muslim kingdom of Grenada conquered in 1492

20. II. European Expansion 1400-1500
B. Portuguese Voyages
Anti-Muslim warfare
Portugal attacked Muslim Morocco in 1415
- Religious crusade, plundering expedition, military tournament
Portuguese became aware of African gold and slave trade
Sought direct contact with African gold producers

21. II. European Expansion 1400-1500
2. Henry the Navigator ( )
Promoted exploration
Founded a school to study navigation
- Collection of geographic information
Improved navigational equipment
- Magnetic compass
- Astrolabe
Improved ship design
- caravel

22. Caravel Small in size Able to enter shallow coastal water
Explore upriver
Triangular lateen sail
- Could sail upwind
- Maneuverable
- Fast
Cannons

23. Use your textbook (pg 419-422) to answer the following questions:
Warm Up:
Use your textbook (pg ) to answer the following questions:
Where did Portuguese sailors explore?
What contributions to the Maritime revolution did Portuguese explorers make?
How did the Portuguese pay for these voyages?

24. II. European Expansion 1400-1500
C. Spanish Voyages
Christopher Columbus
Italian mariner
Goal was to find a shorter route to Asia
sail west to avoid long southern route around Africa
Portuguese rejected plan
King Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain agreed to finance the journey in 1492
Landed in the Caribbean in 1492
Believed he was in East Indies

25. II. European Expansion 1400-1500
2. Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
Spain and Portugal disputed claims to the “New World”
The Pope divided unclaimed land between them

26. Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 Who was consulted? Who was not consulted?
Who might resent this treaty?

27. II. European Expansion 1400-1500
3. Ferdinand Magellan
Led first successful expedition around the globe ( )
- died during the journey in the Philippines

28. II. European Expansion 1400-1500
4. Effects of Exploration
Basis for large colonial empires in the Americas
Growth of new trade network
Columbian Exchange- exchange of plants, animals, ideas and diseases between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.

30. Count of by 3’s

31. Use your textbooks (pgs 425-431) to describe European encounters with:
Western Africa,
Eastern Africa
the Indian Ocean States
Find at least one example of three of the Five themes of AP World History
The Five Themes of AP World History:
Theme 1 – Interaction between humans and the environment
Theme 2 – Development and interaction of cultures
Theme 3 – State-building, expansion and conflict
Theme 4 – Creation, expansion and interactions of economic systems
Theme 5 – Development and transformation of social structures

32. Warm Up:
Describe the relationship between the Portuguese and the people of Africa and India?

33. Read Kongo’s Christian King pages 428-429
Answer Questions 1-4

34. Read “Columbus”

35. III. Encounters with Europe
A. The Americas
Spanish Advantages
Guns
Germs
- European viruses killed large numbers of native Americans
- Weakening their ability to resist
Steel

36. II. Encounters with Europe
Conquistadors
After Columbus, the Spanish wanted to continue their exploration of the new world
Goals of “gold, god and conquest”
Expeditions included explorers, soldiers, and priests

37. II. Encounters with Europe
3. Hernan Cortes
Landed in Mexico with 600 soldiers
The Aztec emperor, Montezuma II initially welcomed the Cortes
who they believed was a God
Cortes and his men were able to conquer the Aztec Empire

38. II. Encounters with Europe
4. Francisco Pizarro
180 men, 37 horses and 2 cannon
Pizarro and men were able to conquer the Incan Empire

39. II. Encounters with Europe
5. Results of Spanish Conquest
Spain established massive empires in the Americas
Huge amounts of gold and silver flow from the Americas to Europe
Indigenous cultures in the Americas declined
Native American deaths as a result of disease, fighting and enslavement

40. Read “Bartolome De Las Casas”

41. Conquistador DBQ