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Chemistry Polyatomic Ions
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Polyatomic Ions – List 1 Nitrate NO3- Nitrite NO2- Sulfate SO42-
Sulfite SO32- Phosphate PO43- Phosphite PO33- Arsenate AsO43- Silicate SiO32-
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Patterns in Naming Polyatomic Ions
Memorize the “ate”s (contains oxygen) “ite” means one less oxygen than an “ate” “per” prefix means one more oxygen than an “ate” “hypo” prefix means one less oxygen than an “ite” Some polyatomic ions have names that do not follow these patterns.
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Polyatomic Ions – List 2 Hydrogen sulfate HSO4- * Hydrogen phosphate
HPO42- Dihydrogen phosphate H2PO * Carbonate CO32- Hydrogen carbonate HCO * Chromate CrO42- Dichromate Cr2O72-
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Alternate names The “bi” prefix means to replace one of the hydrogens from the acid made from that polyatomic ion with a metal cation. Acid Name Take away a hydrogen Old name using “bi” prefix Sulfuric acid H2SO4 Hydrogen Sulfate HSO4- Bisulfate Phosphoric acid H3PO4 Dihydrogen Phosphate H2PO4- Biphosphate Carbonic acid H2CO3 Hydrogen Carbonate HCO3- Bicarbonate *Bicarbonate of Soda Sodium Bicarbonate Baking Soda (NaHCO3)
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Polyatomic Ions – List 3 Hypochlorite ClO- Chlorite ClO2- Chlorate
Perchlorate ClO4- Iodate IO3- Periodate IO4- Bromate BrO3- Permanganate MnO4-
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Polyatomic Ions – List 4 Hydronium H3O+ Ammonium NH4+ Mercury I Hg22+
Acetate C2H3O2- or CH3COO- Cyanide CN- Hydroxide OH- Oxalate C2O42- Peroxide O22-
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