1. København 22.4.2006 Giuliana Zotta Vittur Enrico M. Balli SISSA A success story in electronic scientific publishing

2. SISSA: the Miramare Campus

3. Founded in 1978, it is focused on two basic missions: promotion and development of culture and scientific top- quality research in the fields of physics, mathematics and neuroscience; training of young graduate students in pure and applied research, also for university teaching career. SISSA

4. Thanks to a small and flexible structure, SISSA is able to continually reshape its teaching and research programs to meet new scientific challenges and to attract substantial private and public research funds.

5. SISSA: the smallest university in Italy Budget€ 41,350,000 PhD Students200 Master Students *33 Professors49 Researchers19 Employees84 Buildingssqm 11,889 * Master in Science Communication

6. 10  m SISSA International School for Advanced Studies The Research Sectors Astrophysics Neurobiology High Energy Physics Statistical and Biological Physics Condensed Matter Theory Cognitive Neuroscience SISSA Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati Functional Analysis and Application Mathematical Physics

7. Scientific publishing SISSA Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati 17° Century: first journals 19° Century: peer review After WW1: proliferation of journals After WW2: book publishers enter the market 1980-1990: concentration of journal publications in a few large companies Big circulation of preprints

8. Scientific publishing SISSA Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati Costs for libraries: More than 2 billion euros per year in subscription fees Shelves Buildings General costs

9. Scientific publishing SISSA Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati A good business for a publisher:

10. Scientific publishing SISSA Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati Technological innovation: Availability of electronic formats for papers (TeX) Availability of electronic media to distribute preprints (e-mail)

11. Scientific publishing SISSA Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati Creation of archives: 1991: Los Alamos National Laboratories (physics) 1992: SISSA (physics)

12. Scientific publishing SISSA Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati Further technological innovation: 1991: World-Wide Web standard released by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN 1993: alpha version of Mosaic released by Marc Andreessen at NCSA

13. Scientific publishing SISSA Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati The story goes on: 1996: SISSA creates JHEP, the first electronic, online only, Open Access Journal “A journal by scientists for scientists “

14. Scientific publishing SISSA Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati AuthorEditorReferees Editorial Office WJ Software (+ Internet) DB SubmissionReport Evaluation Published!

15. Scientific publishing SISSA Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati The success of JHEP in numbers:

16. Scientific publishing SISSA Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati Impact factor (ISI) in 2004: JHEP6.5 Nucl Phys B5.3 Phys Rev D4.6 Physics Letters B4 Eur Phys J C3.6

17. Scientific publishing SISSA Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati The success of JHEP became a problem: The number of published papers brings a huge increase in organization and costs (people, editorial services, telecommunications, servers…) Failure of the sponsor-based system A new financial model is needed

18. Scientific publishing SISSA Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati Partnership with IoP (Institute of Physics, UK): 2000: The subscription model (low price, open access for developing countries) 2002: JCAP (Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics) 2004: JSTAT (Journal of Statistical Mechanics)

19. Scientific publishing SISSA Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati Success, again:

20. Scientific publishing SISSA Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati Impact factor (ISI) in 2004: JCAP7.9

21. Scientific publishing SISSA Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati The story goes on: 2004: New Open Access Journals (Jcom, PoS) 2005: CERN task force on Open Access 2006: JINST (Journal of Instrumentation)

22. Scientific publishing SISSA Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati Sissa Medialab: A spin-off company founded at the end of 2005 20 people in three areas (Journals, IT, science communication) Continues the tradition started in 1991

23. Journals by scientists for scientists SISSA Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati