1. 1 Community Capability Building for Post 9/11 Terrorism Preparedness Frances Edwards, Ph.D., CEM Director, City of San Jose OES/MMTF Vice Chair, Collaborative for Disaster Mitigation, San Jose State University

2. 2 Honoring the Memory Ray Downey Jack Fanning –Chief officers of FDNY who gave their lives at the World Trade Center Command Post, September 11, 2001

3. 3 Emergency Management Before 9/11 1950’s Civil Defense 1960’s Natural disasters 1970’s Three Mile Island –Threat analysis and risk assessment –Community education for emergency preparedness –Continuity planning for the government organization –Generally male, former military

4. 4 Emergency Management Before 9/11 1980’s All Hazards –Emergency Management Institute –FEMA Independent Study courses –FEMA Professional Development Series –Professional certification - CEM –Academic centers U Delaware U Southern California U Colorado, Boulder NSF Quick Response Grants Certificate programs in UC system

5. 5 Emergency Management Before 9/11 1990’s multiple natural hazard catastrophic events –Oakland Hills Firestorm: SEMS –Hurricane Andrew: insurance surcharge, professional EM for every county –Midwest flooding: FEMA FRP & ESF’s –Northridge Earthquake: 800 number –Western flooding –Droughts

6. 6 Terrorism 1993 World Trade Center 1995 Tokyo Sarin attack 1995 Murrah Building bombing –Domestic Preparedness Program DOD, DHHS, DOJ, FEMA, EPA, DOE –122 largest cities – no sustainment funding –New level of knowledge: NBC weapons, medical issues PETA ELF Y2K millenial, militia, Seattle/LAX

7. 7 World Trade Center, 9/11/01 Activated MMTF, DMATs, USARs, Search Dogs Deployed National Pharmaceutical Stockpile Media intensive- interviews in TV, radio, print Elected officials’ briefings Public presentations on preparedness:Rotary, Kiwanis, TV/Radio talk shows, educational administrators (k-12 and university) Cross over from pure law enforcement to emergency management: MCI & crime scene

8. 8 After 9/11: New Mission Facilitator for cross departmental terrorism response planning –Fire, Police, EMS – original MMTF partners –Public Works, General Services, IT Recommend security changes for public organizations: badges, CAN, new entrances, security guards

9. 9 Capability After 9/11 Understand the work of government departments, relationships Work with elected officials Appreciate the difficulty of raising revenue Legal issues Community: languages, ethnicities, age, wealth, educational levels, economic base

10. 10 Capability After 9/11 Skills –Good writing –Research ability including Internet –Critical thinking –Intellectual curiosity Traits –Flexible personal styles –Flexible leadership styles –Sensitivity to others

11. 11 Capability After 9/11 Multiple relationships –Media –Government leaders –Community leaders –Community members Inspire Inform Motivate

12. 12 Who do we hire? Traits –Enthusiasm –Stamina –Courage Education –Broad liberal arts background: political science, public administration, journalism, social science Competency will develop over time through experience and mentoring

13. 13 Growing the emergency manager of the 21 st century Academics, practitioners, professional organizations –Mentoring –Internships –Student members ASPA SECM IAEM

14. 14 Key to community safety Emergency managers will never be the heroes, but they are the lynchpins that hold the community together through every disaster.

15. 15 Speaker Contact Information Frances Edwards-Winslow, Ph.D., CEM Director, City of San Jose Office of Emergency Services: www.ci.san-jose.ca.us/oes/oes.htm Director, San Jose Metropolitan Medical Task Force 855 N. San Pedro Street, San Jose, 95110 408-277-4595;frances.winslow@ci.sj.ca.us