1. PART 3: PERSONALITY ORGANIZATIONCHAPTER 9: DYNAMICS OF ACTION Focus on Igniting Motives Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon Mayers Personality: A Systems Approach Dynamics of Action Igniting Motives This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any image; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

2. PART 3: PERSONALITY ORGANIZATIONCHAPTER 9: DYNAMICS OF ACTION Focus on Igniting Motives Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon Mayers Personality: A Systems Approach Ignition A car engine starts by igniting the fuel To start a person requires urges, motives, needs…

3. PART 3: PERSONALITY ORGANIZATIONCHAPTER 9: DYNAMICS OF ACTION Focus on Igniting Motives Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon Mayers Personality: A Systems Approach Key Terms Urges: Represent bodily needs (ex. To eat, sleep or do). Needs/Motives: Mental guides transform a lack of satisfaction into satisfaction (ex. Need to eat, to be with others) Presses: Environmental incentives and disincentives for acting

4. PART 3: PERSONALITY ORGANIZATIONCHAPTER 9: DYNAMICS OF ACTION Focus on Igniting Motives Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon Mayers Personality: A Systems Approach Strivings as a Reflection of Needs Personal Strivings: A striving is an objective you are typically trying to accomplish or attain, such as trying to help others in need of help, or not to judge people by first impressions. Strivings reflect motives in the context of a persons daily life. Emmons, R. A., King, L, A. (1989). Personal striving differentiation and affective reactivity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol 56(3), Mar 1989. pp. 478-484

5. PART 3: PERSONALITY ORGANIZATIONCHAPTER 9: DYNAMICS OF ACTION Focus on Igniting Motives Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon Mayers Personality: A Systems Approach Interactions Among Dynamics* Prepotent needs Need conflict Need fusion Subsidiary Needs *Modified from Murrays Explorations in Personality

6. PART 3: PERSONALITY ORGANIZATIONCHAPTER 9: DYNAMICS OF ACTION Focus on Igniting Motives Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon Mayers Personality: A Systems Approach Need Dynamics: Prepotent Needs Prepotent needs: Needs which quickly take over if not met (e.g., pain avoidance, hunger). Hint: Think of a hierarchy of needs. Hi Grades Safety Needs Physiological Needs (Eating, drinking) Prepotent

7. PART 3: PERSONALITY ORGANIZATIONCHAPTER 9: DYNAMICS OF ACTION Focus on Igniting Motives Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon Mayers Personality: A Systems Approach Need Dynamics: Need Conflicts Need conflict: Different needs may conflict with one another in a given situation (e.g., need for company; need for solitude). The strongest will win out. need for human affiliation need for solitude

8. PART 3: PERSONALITY ORGANIZATIONCHAPTER 9: DYNAMICS OF ACTION Focus on Igniting Motives Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon Mayers Personality: A Systems Approach Need Conflict Illustrated in Strivings No Conflict –To do more exciting things –To try to be nicer to people Conflictual (Incompatible) strivings: Example 1 –To appear more intelligent than I am –To always present myself in an honest light Conflictual (Incompatible) strivings: Example 2 –To keep my relationships on a 50-50 basis –To dominate, control and manipulate people and situations. Ambivalent strivings: Unpleasant even succeed at it. –To be all things to all people –To avoid being nasty if Ive been wronged Emmons, Robert A.; King, Laura A (1988). Conflict among personal strivings: Immediate and long-term implications for psychological and physical well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1040-1048., page 1042.

9. PART 3: PERSONALITY ORGANIZATIONCHAPTER 9: DYNAMICS OF ACTION Focus on Igniting Motives Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon Mayers Personality: A Systems Approach Need Dynamics: Need Fusion Need fusion: Certain actions may fuse multiple needs (running a research study on the beach) need for achievement need for affiliation at work

10. PART 3: PERSONALITY ORGANIZATIONCHAPTER 9: DYNAMICS OF ACTION Focus on Igniting Motives Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon Mayers Personality: A Systems Approach Subsidiary Needs Subsidiary Needs: Certain needs may be in the service of more important ones. The need for achievement may serve the ends of earning a high salary so as to acquire things. Need for Self- Respect Need for Achievement Need for Order Need for Good Appearance

11. PART 3: PERSONALITY ORGANIZATIONCHAPTER 9: DYNAMICS OF ACTION Focus on Igniting Motives Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon Mayers Personality: A Systems Approach ~ end ~