1. 11/11/03Oppor-TUNE-ist Piano Service1 PIANO SCALE EVALUATION A DISCUSION OF RESTRINGING PREPARATION

2. 11/11/03Oppor-TUNE-ist Piano Service2 AGENDA Scale copy Benefits of Evaluation – Specification Evaluation Elements Specifications to the String Manufacturers Data Capture

3. 11/11/03Oppor-TUNE-ist Piano Service3 SCALE COPY Paper patterns Duplication Few known parameters –Tension –Inharmonicity –Expansion –Volume/Impedance

4. 11/11/03Oppor-TUNE-ist Piano Service4 Benefits of Scale Evaluation Control winding material changes Better match to Historic Characteristics Smooth out parameter curves Correction of termination nuances or replacement of termination points. Stress leveling to aid stability

5. 11/11/03Oppor-TUNE-ist Piano Service5 Winding Material Changes Most common winding material today is soft copper. Difference in densities results in different volume, tension, inharmonicity Steel->Copper Silnic->Copper Aluminum->Copper

6. 11/11/03Oppor-TUNE-ist Piano Service6 Better Match to Historical Characteristics Change of core or wrap to control –Tension –Volume/impedance –Expansion –Pitch change

7. 11/11/03Oppor-TUNE-ist Piano Service7 Improve Parametric Consistency Inharmonicity Curves Tension Patterns Volume Curves Across the breaks

8. 11/11/03Oppor-TUNE-ist Piano Service8 Tension

9. 11/11/03Oppor-TUNE-ist Piano Service9 Volume

10. 11/11/03Oppor-TUNE-ist Piano Service10 Inharmonicity

11. 11/11/03Oppor-TUNE-ist Piano Service11 EVALUATION ELEMENTS Speaking Length Core / Wrap Material Length of Wrap Wrap Step Exposed core length

12. 11/11/03Oppor-TUNE-ist Piano Service12 Change in Material MaterialTensionVolumeInharmonicity Change of Material has greatest effect on all three major parameters Steel200.24329.1020.198 Copper224.15132.5760.184 Aluminum80.70111.7280.391 Silver-Nickel226.54232.9240.183

13. 11/11/03Oppor-TUNE-ist Piano Service13 Speaking Length TensionVolumeInharmonicity Tension and Volume are directly proportional to length, Inharmonicity is inversely proportional. 53.25233.93133.2790.17 53.125232.83433.2010.172 53231.7433.1230.173

14. 11/11/03Oppor-TUNE-ist Piano Service14 Core TensionVolumeInharmonicity All three parameters are directly proportional. Greatest effect on Inharmonicity 51232.94333.2170.19 49232.83433.2010.172 47232.73133.1860.155

15. 11/11/03Oppor-TUNE-ist Piano Service15 Wrap TensionVolumeInharmonicity Tension and Volume are directly proportional to length, Inharmonicity is inversely proportional. Greatest effect on Inharmonicity 235243.01134.6520.167 230232.83433.2010.172 225222.87731.7810.176

16. 11/11/03Oppor-TUNE-ist Piano Service16 Step TensionVolumeInharmonicity Inharmonicity is greatly affected by step length. Directly Proportional 0.75222.87731.7810.8 0.5222.87731.7810.524 0.25222.87731.7810.318

17. 11/11/03Oppor-TUNE-ist Piano Service17 Exposed Core TensionVolumeInharmonicity Inharmonicity is greatly affected by exposed core length. Directly Proportional. 1222.87731.7810.358 0.75222.87731.7810.253 0.5222.87731.7810.18

18. 11/11/03Oppor-TUNE-ist Piano Service18 String Specifications Core Wrap Diameter Wrap step Loop to start of wrap Length of wrap Tolerances

19. 11/11/03Oppor-TUNE-ist Piano Service19 Data Capture Speaking Length Core & Wrap Bridge to start of wrap V-Bar to start of wrap Bridge to loop

20. 11/11/03Oppor-TUNE-ist Piano Service20 Reference Illustration Speaking Length Vbar Bridge Step Tail Loop to Wrap Length of Wrap Core Diameter Wrap Diameter

21. 11/11/03Oppor-TUNE-ist Piano Service21 THANK YOU Please write with any questions or comments to opportuneist.pianoservice@Verizon.net opportuneist.pianoservice@Verizon.net Visit the web site at www.oppor-tune-ist.com