2. Important Terms Two Terms to know: 1.Positionally: A reference to one’s position in relationship to something else. 2.Experientially: A reference to one’s experience in relationship to something else.

3. Review of the Introduction to The Epistle of James Author: God Writer: James (brother of Jesus) Time Period: ~45-50 A.D. Written To: Believing Jews scattered from Jerusalem because of persecution.

4. Review of the Introduction to The Epistle of James James deals with one topic which he addresses through four evidences. 1.True Spirituality: a. Faith in action. b. Self-Control. c. Unselfish, Generous, Impartial, Patient. d. Submits to God through Prayer. James teaches what True Spirituality means, and also teaches the mechanics needed in order to be “Truly Spiritual.”

5. Review of  faith  is a feminine noun which means, “complete dependency, based on response.” It identifies a relationship between two or more objects or persons in which one of the objects or persons is completely dependent upon the other for some thing or action. i.e.: Sitting in a chair.

6. Model of Humanity God (The Father) Initiates Mankind Responds Model of Humanity which Christ showed.

7. Review: Human Viewpoint vs. Divine Viewpoint Human Viewpoint (Sight-based): A process of thought or manner of thinking which is based on data perceived and developed by the human senses within the realms of this human world system. Divine Viewpoint (Faith-based): A process of thought or manner of thinking which is based upon dependence upon Spiritual Truth Doctrines of God’s World System.

8. Trials & Tribulation (Part 11) “Blessed is a man who perseveres under trial; for once he has been approved, he will receive the crown of life which the Lord has promised to those who love Him.” James 1:12

9. Trials & Tribulation (Part 11) James begins verse 12 by describing the believer who is successful in implementing Trial & Tribulation Protocol as “Blessed.” This word is often times used today generically and abstractly, which makes its meaning subjective, being dependent upon whatever context it is found within. However, James isn’t using this term generically or subjectively. He is describing the successful believer with clarity.

10. Trials & Tribulation (Part 11) James uses the Koine Greek word,  (pronounced, “mah-kahr-ee-os”). This word refers to the possession of inner happinesses by an individual. This inner happiness is the result of circumstances in which the individual finds himself.

11. Trials & Tribulation (Part 11) There are two types of circumstances in which humanity can be found: 1.Human Circumstances – those circumstances which are human in nature (Physical Reality). 2.Spiritual Circumstances – those circumstances which are spiritual in nature (Spiritual Reality). For example, the believer undergoing a trial…

12. Trials & Tribulation (Part 11) Physical Reality of a believer undergoing a trial: 1.Physical pain, emotional pain, stress, etc… 2.Physical loss 3.Suffering 4.Desiring removal of situation. 5.Complains, whines, seeks human advice.

13. Trials & Tribulation (Part 11) Spiritual Reality of a believer undergoing a trial: 1.Testing of spiritual development. 2.Opportunity to discipline oneself to trust God. 3.Opportunity to implement Bible Doctrine. 4.Development of Spiritual Maturity. 5.Able to remain joyful because of God’s promises.

14. Trials & Tribulation (Part 11)  is used to refer to happiness based on spiritual realities, rather than human realities. It therefore refers to happiness of the spirit, more so than happiness of the soul.  is a masculine adjective which means that inner happiness of the spirit is based on initiation.

15. Gender in Koine Greek Koine Greek uses gender to identify relationship correlations over biological construction. 3 Gender Types: 1. Masculine gender – based on initiation 2.Neuter gender – identifies a tool or instrument 3.Feminine gender – based on response  is in the Masculine Gender which identifies it as being based on initiation.

16. Trials & Tribulation (Part 11) This means that inner happiness of the spirit is based upon an action or state of being. The believer initiates inner happiness when he operates in a proper relationship with God, operating from divine viewpoint and focusing on Spiritual realities, rather than the human realities of human viewpoint. James uses this adjective, , to describe the man who perseveres under trial as possessing inner happiness, based on initiation.

17. Trials & Tribulation (Part 11)  man whoperseveres  (pronounced, “ah-naer”) is the same word, and same form of word which we had in verse 8 when James discussed the two-souled man.

18. Trials & Tribulation (Part 11)  man whoperseveres  is a masculine noun meaning “man” in the sense of mankind or humanity. Because of this, the reference includes both male and female believers. “Human” would be the proper literal rendering of .

19. Trials & Tribulation (Part 11)  man whoperseveres James identifies this human as, “ .”  (pronounced, “hos”) is a relative pronoun which means, “the one.” In reference to a person it should be translated as, “the one who.” It is used to place emphasis on the noun for which it has been substituted.

20. Trials & Tribulation (Part 11)  man whoperseveres  is an active verb which means “remain under.” In the current context as an active verb, it refers to the human who performs the action to remain underneath the influence of a trial.

21. Voice in Koine Greek Voice is used in Koine Greek to express how the subject operates in relationship to the verb. There are three types of voice in Koine Greek: 1.Active Voice – the subject performs the action. 2.Middle Voice – the subject participates in the action. 3.Passive Voice – the subject is acted upon by the action. “  ” is in the active voice. This identifies the subject as one who “performs the action to remain under.”

22. Trials & Tribulation (Part 11)  man whoperseveres under trial man whoperseveres under trial  is an active verb which literally means “performs the action to remain under.” The ability to remain underneath the influence of a trial is the result of complete dependence upon God and His Word which cultivates spiritual growth (see James 1:2-4).

23. Trials & Tribulation (Part 11)  man whoperseveres under trial man whoperseveres under trial A trial is, “something which attempts to learn the character or nature of something through evaluation.” This is from the word  (pronounced, “pei-rahs-mon”).

24. Trials & Tribulation (Part 11)  blessed isthe man who perseveresunder trial James is declaring that the man who performs the action to remain underneath the influence of a trial is a man who possesses inner happiness. Humanly this makes no sense, but divine viewpoint declares otherwise, and so James continues.

25. Trials & Tribulation (Part 11)  foronce he has been approved  (pronounced, “ho-tee”), is a causal conjunction which is used to explain the cause behind a statement to which it is connected. It therefore links the original statement with the cause or reason for which the original statement is valid.

26. Trials & Tribulation (Part 11) The original statement: “Blessed is the man who perseveres under trial;” The cause which validates the original statement: “once he has been approved, he will receive the crown of life…”  connects the original statement with the cause for why the original statement is valid.

27. Trials & Tribulation (Part 11)  foronce he has been approved  (pronounced, “do-kee-mos gehn-o-mehn-os”) is a critical part of the believer’s life which needs some explanation. To do so, we must place the English words in their proper Greek orientation.

28. Trials & Tribulation (Part 11)  approvedonce he has been The English translations flipped the two words around, which isn’t necessarily improper or inaccurate, but will cause some confusion presently. The reason for this is because of the word .

29. Trials & Tribulation (Part 11)  once he has been  is from the word , a word we are all familiar with hearing.  means, “becoming into a state of existence through transition from one state into another.”

30. Trials & Tribulation (Part 11)  once he has been Since  is from , it shares the same definition. However, instead of just being a verb, and therefore an action,  is a participle, and therefore an action by which an individual is described.

31. Participles in Koine Greek Participles in Koine Greek are hybrids, comprised of both adjectival qualities and verbal qualities. This being the case, participles are identified as verbal adjectives. Or, adjectives which define or describe a subject based upon an action. They are often times used without a noun (substantively), which can cause confusion to the English reader who looks for a subject in the form of a noun. From the participle the Bible student can ascertain the order of actions in a given text, as well as principles of operation within the divine world system (  ).

32. Trials & Tribulation (Part 11)  once he has been  is an aorist middle participle. This identifies the subject of the participle (  from the original statement) as “participating in the action of becoming into existence through transition from one state into another in a point in time.”

33. Tense in Koine Greek Tense is used to identify the type of action in Koine Greek more so than the time of action. There are many tenses and combinations of tenses. Simply described, the aorist tense identifies an action which occurs or occurred in a point in time.  is an aorist tense participle which means, “becoming into existence through transition from one state into another in a point in time.”

34. Voice in Koine Greek Voice is used in Koine Greek to express how the subject operates in relationship to the verb. There are three types of voice in Koine Greek: 1.Active Voice – the subject performs the action. 2.Middle Voice – the subject participates in the action. 3.Passive Voice – the subject is acted upon by the action. “  ” is in the middle voice. This identifies the subject as one who “participates in becoming into existence…”

35. Tense in Koine Greek Tense is used to identify the type of action in Koine Greek more so than the time of action. There are many tenses and combinations of tenses. Simply described, the aorist tense identifies an action which occurs or occurred in a point in time.  is an aorist tense participle which means, “becoming into existence through transition from one state into another in a point in time.”

36. Trials & Tribulation (Part 11.1)  once he has been For the purpose of this study we will understand  in the sense of “one participating in the action of becoming into existence through transition from one state into another in a point in time as a matter of principle.” This refers to the believer undergoing spiritual development on earth. The point in time refers to the totality of his time on earth, viewed in one snapshot.

37. Trials & Tribulation (Part 11.1) approved It is only when we couple  with  that we arrive at some harmony regarding what the believer becomes during his spiritual development.

38. Trials & Tribulation (Part 11.1) Therefore, James is identifying a human who is participating in the action of becoming into a state of existence (genuine as a result of testing) through transition from one state (unrighteous) into another (righteous) as a matter of principle. He is describing a living believer who is operating in harmony with God’s design for spiritual growth.

39. Trials & Tribulation (Part 11.1) This is a believer who is resting in faith upon God and His Word, dependent upon God for guidance in every moment within the proper model of humanity which Jesus modeled during His time on earth. David summed it up in this way when he penned Psalm 46:10, “Be still, and know that I am God.” See also, Philippians 2:5-7, Luke 9:23, John 5:30, John 8:28

40. Trials & Tribulation (Part 11.1) This individual whom James identifies is participating in the action of becoming genuine as a result of testing will be participating in something else in the future because of his present work.

41. Trials & Tribulation (Part 11.1) This study to be continued at a later date in Trials & Tribulation (Part 11.2).