1. Chapter 20 Section 3 African Americans Seek Greater Equality
Northern Segregation
De facto segregation exists by practice, custom; problem in North (Segregation still occurs although not permissible by law).
De jure segregation is segregation required by law

2. Chapter 20 Section 3
1960s, most urban blacks live in slums; landlords ignore ordinances
Black unemployment twice as high as white
Many blacks angry at treatment received from white police officers
Urban Violence Erupts

3. Chapter 20 Section 3
Mid-1960s, numerous clashes between white authority, black civilians and many result in riots
Many whites baffled by African-American rage
Blacks want, need equal opportunity in jobs, housing, education
Money for War on Poverty, Great Society redirected to Vietnam War
New Leaders Voice Discontent and African-Americans show Solidarity
Nation of Islam, Black Muslims, advocate blacks separate from whites and believe whites are the source of black problems
Malcolm X—controversial Muslim leader, speaker; gets much publicity, urges blacks to separate from white society
He frightens whites, moderate blacks; and is resented by other Black Muslims
Pilgrimage to Mecca changes Malcolm X’s attitude toward whites
Malcolm X is killed in 1965 while giving speech

4. Chapter 20 Section 3
Malcolm X

5. Chapter 20 Section 3 Black Power
CORE, SNCC become more militant; SCLC pursues traditional tactics
Stokely Carmichael, head of SNCC, calls for Black Power:
African Americans control own lives, communities, without whites

6. Chapter 20 Section 3 Black Panthers
Black Panthers fight police brutality, want black self-sufficiency
Preach ideas of Mao Zedong; have violent confrontations with police
Provide social services in ghettos, win popular support
1968—A Turning Point in Civil Rights
King’s Death
King objects to Black Power movement, preaching of violence
Seems to sense own death in Memphis speech to striking workers
Is shot, dies the following day, April 4, 1968

7. Chapter 20 Section 3
Black Panthers

8. Chapter 20 Section 3
Martin Luther King’s assasination

9. Chapter 20 Section 3 Reactions to King’s Death
King’s death leads to worst urban rioting in U.S. history
Over 100 cities affected
Robert Kennedy assassinated two months later

10. Chapter 20 Section 3 Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement
Causes of Violence
Kerner Commission names racism as main cause of urban violence
Civil Rights Gains
Civil Rights Act of 1968 prohibits discrimination in housing
More black students finish high school, college; get better jobs
Greater pride in racial identity leads to Black Studies programs

11. Chapter 20 Section 3
More African-American participation in movies, television
Increased voter registration results in more black elected officials
Unfinished Work
Forced busing, higher taxes, militancy, riots reduce white support
White flight reverses much progress toward school integration

12. Chapter 20 Section 3 Unemployment, poverty higher than for whites
Affirmative action—extra effort to hire, enroll discriminated groups
1960s, colleges, companies doing government business adopt policy
Late 1970s, some criticize policy as reverse discrimination

13. Chapter 20 Section 3 Quiz
1.) What is segregation that happens by practice and not by law?
a.) De Facto Segregation
b.) De Jure Segregation
c.) Civil Rights Segregation
2.) Where did a lot of the African Americans live in the ‘60’s?
_________________________________________
3.) What did Civil Rights legislation do for African Americans
a.) It reduced the amount of discrimination they had to face
b.) It eliminated the amount of discrimination they had to face
c.) It did not change the amount of discrimination they had to face
4.) Name a controversial civil rights leader that believed in African Americans
separating from the whites?
a.) Thurgood Marshall
b.) Malcolm X
c.) Martin Luther King Jr.
5.) Martin Luther King agreed with Malcolm X?
a.) Very True
b.) Not True
c.) Somewhat true
6.) What year was Malcolm X assassinated?
a.) 1965
b.) 1963
c.) 1968
7.) What was the group called that believed that African Americans should control
their own lives, without help?
a.) X Generation
b.) Black Panthers
c.) Black Spiders
8.) Martin Luther King’s assassination was a turning point in the Civil Rights
Movement?
a.) Very True
b.) Somewhat True
c.) Not True at all
9.) What did King’s death lead to?
a.) The worst rural rioting in U.S. history
b.) An end to the Civil Rights movement
c.) The worst urban rioting in U.S. history
10.) In how many cities did rioting occur?
a.) Over 100
b.) Under 100
c.) Just in the South