1. Sprinkler Protection of Non-Storage Occupancies with High Ceiling Clearance May, 2014 Peter Thomas

2. Background
Architectural designs create real fire protection challenges to fire engineers. “The Taller” seems to be “The Better”
Sprinkler performance and effectiveness in buildings with high roofs and non-storage occupancies such as atria, convention centers, casinos, auditoriums, theaters, exposition halls and others, is not well understood.

3. Introduction – Current Situation
Convention Center
Ceiling Height of 18 m
What is sprinkler protection based on current installation standards?

4. Introduction – Current Situation
EN (OH 4)
5.0 mm/min 360 sq m
NFPA 13 (OH 2)
8.1 mm/min 139 sq m
6.1 mm/min 372 sq m
FMDS 3-26 (HC 3)
20.0 mm/min 280 sq m
China GB (OH 1)
6.0 mm/min 160 sq m
Australia AS
(High Hazard- Process)
12 mm/min 360 sq m
Singapore CP52
Not Allowed

5. Needs further research
2017年4月8日星期六
Test Summary from FM
Test 1
Test 2
Test 3
Test 4
Exploratory
Test 5
EC 25
Commodity (as per NFPA)
Class II
Group A Plastic
Fuel Height
2.26
1.73
Ceiling
15.4
15.9
16.6
Deflector
15.2
15.7
16.4
Arrangement
8X8,solid, 2 tiers
2X8, solid, 1 tier
density
12 mm/min
6 mm/min
18 mm/min.
K-factor
K115, RTI 140
K 80, RTI 140
K 160, RTI 28
K 360, RTI 28
Spacing
3.0 X 3.0
6.1 X 6.1
Conclusion
Passed
15 heads operating
Skipping
Adequate
17 heads operating
Failed
26 heads operating
16 heads operating
1 head operating
No skipping
Needs further research

6. Test Plan

7. Test Fuel and Fuel Array Arrangement

8. Sprinkler System

9. Full Scale Fire Test 1 Fuel Arrangement: Group A Plastics
Ceiling height: 12 m
Fuel Height: 1.63 m
Clearance to ceiling: 10.4 m
Arrangement of fuel package: 8 by 2, solid pile
Ignition Location: Under 1 sprinkler
Density: 15 mm/min
Sprinklers: K115, RTI 105 (m-s)1/2 Standard Response, Pendent
Spacing: 3.0 m x 3.0 m

10. Full Scale Fire Test 1

11. Full Scale Fire Test 1

12. Full Scale Fire Test 1

13. Full Scale Fire Test 2 Fuel Arrangement: Group A Plastics
Ceiling Height: 16 m
Fuel Height: 1.63 / 1.13 m
Clearance to ceiling: 14.4 m
Arrangement of fuel package: 8 by 2, solid pile
Ignition Location: Under 1 sprinkler
Density: 20 mm/min
Sprinklers: K115, RTI 35 (m-s)1/2 Quick Response, Pendent
Spacing: 3.0 m x 3.0 m

14. Full Scale Fire Test 2

15. Full Scale Fire Test 2

16. Full Scale Fire Test 2

17. Full Scale Fire Test 3 Fuel Arrangement: Group A Plastics
Ceiling Height: 16 m
Fuel Height: 1.63 / 1.13 m
Clearance to ceiling: 14.4 m
Arrangement of fuel package: 8 by 2, solid pile
Ignition Location: Under 1 sprinkler
Density: 23 mm/min
Sprinklers: K161, RTI 138 (m-s)1/2 Standard Response, Pendent
Spacing: 3.0 m x 3.0 m

18. Full Scale Fire Test 3

19. Full Scale Fire Test 3

20. Full Scale Fire Test 4 Fuel Arrangement: Group A Plastics
Ceiling Height: 18 m
Fuel Height: 1.63 m
Clearance to ceiling: 16.4 m
Arrangement of Fuel Package: 6 by 2, solid pile
Ignition Location: Under 1 sprinkler
Density: 40 mm/min
Sprinklers: K363, RTI 130 (m-s)1/2 Standard Response, Pendent
Spacing: 3.0 m x 3.0 m

21. Full Scale Fire Test 4

22. Full Scale Fire Test 4

23. Full Scale Fire Test 5 Fuel Arrangement: Group A Plastics
Ceiling Height: 18 m
Fuel Height: 1.63
Clearance to Ceiling: 16.4 m
Arrangement of Fuel package: 6 by 2, solid pile
Ignition Location: Between 4 sprinklers
Density: 40 mm/min
Sprinklers: K363, RTI 130 (m-s)1/2 Standard Response, Pendent
Spacing: 3.0 m x 3.0 m

24. Full Scale Fire Test 5

25. Full Scale Fire Test 5

26. Test Summary
Effectiveness of sprinkler to control depends on delivered density
Under 12 m ceiling, K 115 sprinkler at 15 mm/min. did not control the fire.
Under 16 m ceiling, K115 sprinkler at 20mm/min. did not control the fire. A K160 sprinkler marginally controlled the fire at 23 mm/min.
Under 18 m ceiling, K363 sprinkler at 40 mm/min. generates significantly larger drops and effectively controlled the fire.

27. Conclusion EN 12845 (OH 4) NFPA 13 (OH 2) FMDS 3-26 (HC 3)
5.0 mm/min 360 sq m
NFPA 13 (OH 2)
8.1 mm/min 139 sq m
6.1 mm/min 372 sq m
FMDS 3-26 (HC 3)
20.0 mm/min 280 sq m
China GB (OH 1)
6.0 mm/min 160 sq m
Change – 40 mm/min 160 sq m with K360 sprinklers
Australia (AS )
(High Hazard- Process)
12 mm/min 360 sq m
Singapore CP52
Not Allowed over 13 m
Proposed change - 12 mm/min 360 sq m with K160 sprinklers