1. CHAPTER 20 PROTISTS

2. Question of the DAY Apr 21 EOC REVIEW
The oldest fossils that have been found are of single-celled organisms. This suggests that life on Earth
A. has become less complex as the atmosphere has changed
B. changes in response to mutations but not environment
C. mutates in order to adapt to new environments
D. has evolved over time from simple to complex organisms

3. DO NOW Apr 21 EOC REVIEW
Draw and label a graph to illustrate a change in finch population if the environment changes to favor large beaks.

4. DO NOW ANSWERED Apr 21
Recall that this type of change is known as Directional Selection.

5. AGENDA APRIL 21
OBJECTIVES: Explain the characteristics used to classify protists.
1. EOC REVIEW QUESTIONS
2. Begin Chapter 20 Protists
3. Review and HOMEWORK
Guided Reading Packet
DUE WEDNESDAY Apr 23
CONTINUE TO REVIEW YOUR NOTES EVERY DAY!!!
Combined Chapter Test – DATE TBA

6. 20-1: Kingdom Protista Protists are eukaryotes.
WHAT FEATURES ARE FOUND IN EUKARYOTES?
Nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Members DO NOT belong to Kingdoms Plantae, Animalia, or Fungi
Most are unicellular.
A few consist of hundreds or thousands of cells.
Macrocystic pyrifera

7. Protists First eukaryotic organisms on Earth were protists
1.5 billion years ago
Very diverse group of organisms
Classified by the way they obtain nutrition.
Animallike protists = Heterotrophs
Plantlike protists = Photosynthetic protists
Funguslike protists = Decomposers

8. 20-2: Animallike Protists - Protozoans
Zooflagellates
Swim using flagella
Absorb food through cell membrane
Reproduce asexually by mitosis and cytokinesis
Genetically identical cells
Some perform meiosis
New combination of genetic material

9. 20-2: Zooflagellates Sarcodines move and feed using pseudopods.
Amoeboid movement
Engulf food and other cells
Stored in food vacuoles until digested
Reproduce by mitosis and cytokinesis

10. 20-2: Zooflagellates Ciliates use cilia for feeding and movement.
Cilia have same internal structure as flagella
Parameceum
Cilia arranged in evenly spaced rows
and bundles
Trichocysts protect the cell from danger
Release spike-like projections

11. CILIATES Internal Anatomy Cilia sweep food into gullet
Macronucleus – Holds working genes for existence
Micronucleus – Contains a reserve copy of genes
Cilia sweep food into gullet
Lysosomes digest food
Maintain homeostasis using contractile vacuoles
Collect and release water
Can perform Conjugation
Exchange of micronuclei with other cells

12. QUESTION of the DAY APR 22
Viruses are exceptions to the cell theory, but they have some characteristics of living things. What is one of these characteristics?
A. They are made up of many specialized cells.
B. They contain genetic material.
C. They reproduce by mitosis.
D. They contain chlorophyll.

13. Which statement best explains the patterns seen in these diagrams?
A. The organisms at the end of each branch can be found in the environment today.
B. The organisms that are living today have all evolved at the same rate and have undergone the same kinds of changes.
C. Evolution involves changes that give rise to a variety of organisms, some of which continue to change through time while others die out.
D. These patterns cannot be used to illustrate the evolution of extinct organisms.

14. AGENDA APRIL 22
OBJECTIVES: Explain the characteristics used to classify protists.
1. EOC REVIEW QUESTIONS
2. Chapter 20-2 and 20-3 Protists
3. Review and HOMEWORK
WORK ON GUIDED READING PACKET
CONTINUE TO REVIEW YOUR NOTES EVERY DAY!!!
Combined Chapter Test – DATE TBA

15. 20-2 Animallike Protists and Disease
Sporozoans do not move on their own
Parasites
MALARIA caused by sporozoan Plasmodium
Carried by female Anopheles mosquito
African Sleeping Sickness caused by trypanosomes.
Bite of a tsetse fly
Destroy red blood cells, nerve cells, and can lead to a fatal sleep

16. 20-3: Plantlike Protists 20-2 Trichonympha produce cellulase.
Live in guts of termites
Digest wood
20-3 UNICELLULAR ALGAE perform photosynthesis.
Contain chlorophyll a, b, and c and accessory pigments
Euglenophytes have two flagella but no cell wall
Reddish pigment called eyespot helps them find sunlight

17. 20-3: Plantlike Protists Chrysophytes have gold-colored pigments
Cell walls contain the carbohydrate PECTIN
Diatoms produce thin cell walls rich in silicon (Si).
Dinoflagellates are often luminescent.
Photosynthetic Phytoplankton provide food
ALGAL BLOOMS deplete nutrients and oxygen

18. 20-4: Red, Brown, Green Algae
RED Algae live deep in the oceans
Contain Phycobilins that absorb blue light
BROWN Algae are multicellular
Largest and most complex
GREEN Algae are very similar to land plants
Cell walls contain cellulose
Contain Chlorophyll a and b
Store food as Starch

19. ALTERNATION of GENERATIONS REFER to FIGURE 20-17 PAGE 513
Normal Living Conditions
Unfavorable Living Conditions
Haploid cells reproduce asexually
Mitosis produces zoospores
Zoospores genetically identical to the haploid cell that entered Mitosis
Haploid cells undergo mitosis but release gametes
Two mating types PLUS + and MINUS –
+ and – gametes fuse together
Form a diploid zygote
By MEIOSIS, zygote produces 4 haploid cells

20. Uses of ALGAE Source of Food
Chemicals produced used in medicines and treatments
Industrial uses in plastics, paints, and electronics
Research uses in AGAR plates

21. 20-5 Funguslike Protists Slime Molds recycle organic materials
Reproduce asexually and sexually
Cellular slime molds remain distinct and separated
Acellular slime molds fuse together into plasmodia
large cells with many nuclei
Water Molds feed on dead/decaying matter