1. Meningeal Release - Coccyx
What is it?
Therapy localization
Testing
Correction
Pelvic Floor

2. What is Meningeal Release?
The dura mater is firmly attached
inside the cranial bowl,
Atlas, Axis and third cervical
by the filum terminale into the dorsum of the first coccygeal segment

3. What is Meningeal Release?
In coccyx imbalances, abnormal stress can be applied to the dura mater causing reflex muscle tension along the spine.
Goodheart has described the coccyx as a take up mechanism to keep constant tension on the dura mater.
Tension on the dura appears to be controlled by the coccyx

4. Symptoms
Increased muscle contraction along the spine from the lumbars through the cervicals
Increased pterygoid pocket tenderness
Leg edema - tenderness
Visceroptosis
Dropped bladder - uterus
Open ICV

5. Spinal Length
Goodheart noted that healthy patients had the same spinal length, within 14 mm. (use rolling tape measure from coccyx to occiput)
If they were measured in the supine, sitting and standing positions.
Patient's with chronic problems have dramatic differences in the length of their spines.

6. Causes “hemi-pelvis” Fall on the pelvis Cycling
Prolonged sitting with leg crossed
Child birth
Poor sitting posture

7. Therapy Localization
The patient is asked to therapy localize to the coccyx and apply inferior pressure. A strong muscle is tested for weakening.
Palpation of the paravertebral muscles will show tenderness on one side of the spine
Cervical paravertebrals are always present

8. Challenge Palpate the associated muscle tenderness
Contact over the coccyx and traction the skin cephalad
Vary the vector until the greatest reduction in pain is found

9. Correction
Contact the skin over the coccyx and pull in the challenge direction found above.
Apply this pressure in a cephalad direction while the patient inspires.
Simultaneously, contact the atlas and pull inferior.

10. Repeat this five to seven times
Palpate for reduction in muscle tenderness
Remeasure the spinal length for normalization

11. Pelvic Floor
Test in cases of leg edema, increased venous pressure, obturator syndrome, general visceroptosis

12. Pelvic Floor
Tests are similar to the gluteus maximus starting position.
These were developed by Beardall
The leg is tested in a neutral position and with the leg internally and externally rotated 30 degrees

13. Pelvic Floor If any of the three tests shows weakness
Challenge the coccyx for a position that strengthens the muscle
Correct in the challenge position

15. Coccygeus
Coccygeus is often described as the muscular belly of the sacrospinous ligament with which it is fused to on its pelvic aspect.
The coccygeus is occasionally absent, in which case the sacrospinous ligament is more prominent.
Proximal Attachment
This triangular sheet of muscle arises from the pelvic surface of the ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament.

16. Coccygeus Proximal Attachment
This triangular sheet of muscle arises from the pelvic surface of the ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament.
Distal Attachment
Its base is attached to the lateral aspect of the coccyx and the fifth sacral segment.

17. Coccygeus Nerve Supply
A branch of the sacral plexus, derived from the ventral rami of S4 and S5 supplies coccygeus.

18. Coccygeus Action
The coccygeus muscle functions with the levator ani forming the majority of the pelvic diaphragm, which supports the pelvic viscera.
When the coccygeus and the levator ani contract with the muscles of the abdominal wall, they help to raise intra-abdominal pressure in such processes as coughing, vomiting and forced expiration.
They can also become involved in inspiration during respiration.

19. Sacrotuberous ligament
Has an extensive attachment; to the posterior superior and posterior inferior iliac spines, the posterior surface of the sacrum (where it blends with the posterior (dorsal) sacro-iliac ligaments), the lateral aspect of the lower sacrum and to the upper surface of the coccyx.
The fibers converge as they pass downwards and laterally. They twist on themselves and then diverge to attach to the medial margin of the ischial tuberosity and the lower margin of the ischial ramus.
Distal fibers of gluteus maximus attach to the ligaments posterior surface.