1. 1 Bringing Prevention to the Table: Enhancing Service Array Capacity through State Child Welfare/ CBCAP Collaborations The Service Array Process April 28, 2008 FRIENDS National Resource Center for CBCAP A Service of the Children’s Bureau and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

2. 2 What is Prevention? Refers to: –the act of preventing or impeding something from taking place –can also refer to a hindrance; an obstacle.

3. 3 What are Prevention Programs/Services? Prevention services/programs are designed to stop/impede something from occurring or from reoccurring/getting worse.Prevention services/programs are designed to stop/impede something from occurring or from reoccurring/getting worse. Examples would be:Examples would be: –Specific diseases/illnesses such as AIDS, heart disease, or spread of a disease or illness such as malaria –Suicide –Accidents, crimes or gang involvement –Mental Health and/or Substance Abuse issues –Child Abuse or Neglect

4. 4 What is Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect? For the child welfare system, prevention usual means prevention of reoccurrence of abuse or neglect or prevention of removal once a child and family are involved with the child welfare system. It can also means prevention of a child returning to care/being removed from their caregiver.For the child welfare system, prevention usual means prevention of reoccurrence of abuse or neglect or prevention of removal once a child and family are involved with the child welfare system. It can also means prevention of a child returning to care/being removed from their caregiver. For programs such as the Community-Based Child Abuse Prevention (CBCAP) funded programs, prevention services are targeted towards prevention of child abuse and neglect prior to it happening or prior to any involvement with the child welfare system.For programs such as the Community-Based Child Abuse Prevention (CBCAP) funded programs, prevention services are targeted towards prevention of child abuse and neglect prior to it happening or prior to any involvement with the child welfare system.

5. 5 What Does This Mean? There is much confusion about what prevention is.There is much confusion about what prevention is. People use the same word but it has very different meanings.People use the same word but it has very different meanings. Prevention is not just about one issue.Prevention is not just about one issue. There is often a significant separation of the front end programs/services – focused on preventing child abuse and neglect, from the rest of the child welfare system - dealing with children and families reported to the child welfare system.There is often a significant separation of the front end programs/services – focused on preventing child abuse and neglect, from the rest of the child welfare system - dealing with children and families reported to the child welfare system. Often the divide/disconnect is created/related to funding streams.Often the divide/disconnect is created/related to funding streams. There is a need for greater clarity as to what is meant by prevention and what the range/continuum of prevention programs and services is that is needed for children to be kept safe with their families and in their communities.There is a need for greater clarity as to what is meant by prevention and what the range/continuum of prevention programs and services is that is needed for children to be kept safe with their families and in their communities.

6. 6 Service Array and Prevention What does this mean for building a service array ? To keep children safe in their own home and communities, a full range or continuum of prevention of child abuse and neglect programs/services are needed. The range would need to include the following services/programs:To keep children safe in their own home and communities, a full range or continuum of prevention of child abuse and neglect programs/services are needed. The range would need to include the following services/programs: –For the general population that would focus on preventing child abuse/neglect from taking place: Outreach and public education services—highlighting the risk factors, where to get support, reporting of potential abuse/neglect, etc. Outreach and public education services—highlighting the risk factors, where to get support, reporting of potential abuse/neglect, etc. Family support services—available for all children and families.Family support services—available for all children and families.

7. 7 Service Array and Prevention cont’d To support children and families and to reduce the risk:To support children and families and to reduce the risk: –These would be targeted to build on protective factors and reduce risk factors for the parents as well as the child and reduce the potential harm for the child. –To educate the public. To help ameliorate the impact on the child and family if child abuse or neglect did occur.To help ameliorate the impact on the child and family if child abuse or neglect did occur. To support parents and children to prevent the reoccurrence of abuse and/or neglect.To support parents and children to prevent the reoccurrence of abuse and/or neglect. To support parents and children to prevent the child from coming into care.To support parents and children to prevent the child from coming into care.

8. 8 Service Array and Prevention cont’d Children and families who are or might be involved with the child welfare system, states/local communities have a wide variety of needs and therefore would require a wide variety of prevention types of services for the child/youth as well as the parents and/or family members beyond those aimed at the prevention of child abuse and neglect such as:Children and families who are or might be involved with the child welfare system, states/local communities have a wide variety of needs and therefore would require a wide variety of prevention types of services for the child/youth as well as the parents and/or family members beyond those aimed at the prevention of child abuse and neglect such as: –substance abuse prevention/intervention services and support. –mental health prevention/intervention services and supports. –domestic violence prevention/intervention.

9. 9 Why a Continuum of Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect? Services are needed for families to be successful in their communities. Keep in mind that not all families that experience difficulties end up having contact with the child welfare systemServices are needed for families to be successful in their communities. Keep in mind that not all families that experience difficulties end up having contact with the child welfare system Services are needed to have improved outcomes for children and families involved with the child welfare systemServices are needed to have improved outcomes for children and families involved with the child welfare system In first round of CFSRs one of the most common services gaps identified was prevention services (this included services needed to keep children safe in their own homes).In first round of CFSRs one of the most common services gaps identified was prevention services (this included services needed to keep children safe in their own homes).

10. 10 Why a Continuum of Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect? Cont’d States are involved in a number of prevention activities but often they are not coordinated/linked.States are involved in a number of prevention activities but often they are not coordinated/linked. Many of the prevention programs/services fall under various federal programs or utilize local, state, and/or foundation funds.Many of the prevention programs/services fall under various federal programs or utilize local, state, and/or foundation funds. Most professionals agree that a continuum would consist of three levels of child abuse and neglect prevention services: primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention.Most professionals agree that a continuum would consist of three levels of child abuse and neglect prevention services: primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention.

11. 11 Continuum of Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect Services Primary or Universal Secondary or Selected Tertiary or Indicated Primary prevention consists of activities that are targeted toward the community at large. These activities are meant to impact families prior to any allegations of abuse and neglect. Secondary prevention includes activities targeted to vulnerable families that have one or more risk factors, including families with substance abuse, teen parents, parents of special needs children, single parents, and low income families. Tertiary prevention consists of activities targeted to families that have confirmed or unconfirmed child abuse and neglect reports. These families have already demonstrated the need for intervention, either with or without court supervision. These are families that qualify for services under child welfare programs. These are families where there is an open case.

12. 12 Examples – Primary Prevention Public awareness campaigns for prevention of child abuse and neglect, such as shaken baby syndrome, child sex exploitation, when to report abuse/neglect.Public awareness campaigns for prevention of child abuse and neglect, such as shaken baby syndrome, child sex exploitation, when to report abuse/neglect. Public education and outreach activities.Public education and outreach activities. Information and referral regarding community and social services available for families.Information and referral regarding community and social services available for families. Parent education classes that are open to anyone in the community.Parent education classes that are open to anyone in the community. Family support programs – family resource centers.Family support programs – family resource centers. Note: States/communities often fund these services with additional funding beyond their CBCAP grant funds.

13. 13 Examples - Secondary Prevention Parenting Classes – parent education/skills classes targeted for high-risk parents.Parenting Classes – parent education/skills classes targeted for high-risk parents. *Domestic violence services.*Domestic violence services. *Concrete services (clothing, food, utility payment, housing assistance, job training, transportation).*Concrete services (clothing, food, utility payment, housing assistance, job training, transportation). *Counseling (for adults and for children).*Counseling (for adults and for children). Population-specific services, e.g.,Population-specific services, e.g., –Parents (all, new, teens, etc.). –Parents/children with disabilities. –Racial and ethnic minorities. –Members of underserved or underrepresented groups. –Fathers. * NOTE: States/communities often fund these services with additional funding beyond their CBCAP grant funds such as PSSF funds.

14. 14 Examples - Secondary Prevention cont’d Respite care/crisis care for parents of a child with a disability or for families at risk of abuse and/or neglect, such as:Respite care/crisis care for parents of a child with a disability or for families at risk of abuse and/or neglect, such as: –Crisis Nurseries. –Homemaker. –Parent aide. Voluntary home visiting programs for :Voluntary home visiting programs for : –New parents. –Pregnant teens. Parenting program for new moms.Parenting program for new moms. Parent mutual support/self-help.Parent mutual support/self-help. NOTE: States/communities often fund these services with additional funding beyond their CBCAP grant funds such as PSSF.

15. 15 Examples - Secondary Prevention cont’d Mentoring programs for high risk youth.Mentoring programs for high risk youth. Family resource centers/family support services for at risk families.Family resource centers/family support services for at risk families. Home based early intervention services for at risk populations, including:Home based early intervention services for at risk populations, including: –Support for parents with children with special needs. –Services/supports for children with special needs. Evidence-based programs such as Nurse Family Partnership Program, Healthy Families.Evidence-based programs such as Nurse Family Partnership Program, Healthy Families. NOTE: States/communities often fund these services with additional funding beyond their CBCAP grant funds such as PSSF.

16. 16 Examples – Tertiary Prevention Treatment/intervention services for children that have been abused and/or neglected.Treatment/intervention services for children that have been abused and/or neglected. Intensive family intervention services where abuse/ neglect has taken place.Intensive family intervention services where abuse/ neglect has taken place. Family reunification services to prevent reoccurrence of abuse/neglect.Family reunification services to prevent reoccurrence of abuse/neglect. Parenting Classes – for parents where abuse/neglect has taken place.Parenting Classes – for parents where abuse/neglect has taken place. Supports for Foster Parents and Resource Providers caring for children who have been abused and/or neglected.Supports for Foster Parents and Resource Providers caring for children who have been abused and/or neglected.

17. 17 Development of Service Array with Continuum of Prevention The child welfare system itself would not be responsible to pay for/create all these services but would want to partner/ collaborate with the appropriate state/community/systems representative(s)/to ensure they are available in sufficient quantity and locations to be able to access them on behalf of the children and families they are involved with or refer to them.The child welfare system itself would not be responsible to pay for/create all these services but would want to partner/ collaborate with the appropriate state/community/systems representative(s)/to ensure they are available in sufficient quantity and locations to be able to access them on behalf of the children and families they are involved with or refer to them. A key resource for primary and some secondary prevention services is the Community-Based Child Abuse Prevention (CBCAP) program (CAPTA Title II funding).A key resource for primary and some secondary prevention services is the Community-Based Child Abuse Prevention (CBCAP) program (CAPTA Title II funding).

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19. 19 CBCAP Program To support development and expansion of community-based and prevention-focused programs and activities to support and strengthen families and prevent child abuse and neglect.To support development and expansion of community-based and prevention-focused programs and activities to support and strengthen families and prevent child abuse and neglect. To support meaningful involvement of all parents, including parents with disabilities, in planning, implementing and evaluation of prevention programs.To support meaningful involvement of all parents, including parents with disabilities, in planning, implementing and evaluation of prevention programs. To enhance States’ evaluation capability to determine effectiveness of funded prevention programs and activities.To enhance States’ evaluation capability to determine effectiveness of funded prevention programs and activities.

20. 20 CBCAP Program continued To promote greater linkages with other National and Statewide systems change efforts such as the Child and Family Services Reviews (CFSRs).To promote greater linkages with other National and Statewide systems change efforts such as the Child and Family Services Reviews (CFSRs). To support training and technical assistance for lead agencies on program requirements, as well as support ACF Priorities, e.g., healthy marriage, responsible fatherhood, outreach to faith- and community-based programs, positive youth development, and the rural initiative.To support training and technical assistance for lead agencies on program requirements, as well as support ACF Priorities, e.g., healthy marriage, responsible fatherhood, outreach to faith- and community-based programs, positive youth development, and the rural initiative.

21. 21 CBCAP Target Populations Vulnerable families at risk of abuse or neglect.Vulnerable families at risk of abuse or neglect. Special focus on specific populations:Special focus on specific populations: –Parents (all, new, teens, etc.). –Parents/children with disabilities. –Racial and ethnic minorities. –Members of underserved or underrepresented groups. –Fathers. Includes activities for General Population.Includes activities for General Population.

22. 22 Authorized Activities under CBCAP Provide comprehensive supports for parents.Provide comprehensive supports for parents. Promote development of parenting skills, especially young parents or those with young children.Promote development of parenting skills, especially young parents or those with young children. Improve family access to formal and informal resources.Improve family access to formal and informal resources. Support needs of parents with disabilities through respite or other activities.Support needs of parents with disabilities through respite or other activities. Provide referrals to early health and development services.Provide referrals to early health and development services. Promote meaningful parent leadership.Promote meaningful parent leadership.

23. 23 Other Authorized Activities Financing development of continuum of prevention services through public –private partnerships.Financing development of continuum of prevention services through public –private partnerships. Financing start-up, maintenance expansion, or redesign of Child Abuse Prevention programs and activities that are identified as unmet needs.Financing start-up, maintenance expansion, or redesign of Child Abuse Prevention programs and activities that are identified as unmet needs. Maximizing funding through leveraging funds for Child Abuse Prevention programs and activities.Maximizing funding through leveraging funds for Child Abuse Prevention programs and activities. Financing public education activities that focus on health and positive development of parents and children and promotion of Child Abuse Prevention.Financing public education activities that focus on health and positive development of parents and children and promotion of Child Abuse Prevention.

24. 24 Capacity to direct interdisciplinary, collaborative structure that guides planning for program and activities.Capacity to direct interdisciplinary, collaborative structure that guides planning for program and activities. Provide oversight for goals and objectives of program.Provide oversight for goals and objectives of program. Assess community needs and assets through a process that involves public and private agencies.Assess community needs and assets through a process that involves public and private agencies. Provide training, technical assistance and evaluation assistance to funded programs.Provide training, technical assistance and evaluation assistance to funded programs. Lead Agency Requirements

25. 25 Lead Agency Requirements (cont’d) Evaluate funded programs and activities.Evaluate funded programs and activities. Actively participate in CAP month activities.Actively participate in CAP month activities. Insure parent involvement in planning, implementing and evaluation of programs.Insure parent involvement in planning, implementing and evaluation of programs. Participate in actions to advocate for system change.Participate in actions to advocate for system change.

26. 26 Resources Website – www.friendsnrc.orgWebsite – www.friendsnrc.orgwww.friendsnrc.org CBCAP State Lead Agency (SLA) contact - http://www.friendsnrc.org/contacts/contacts.aspCBCAP State Lead Agency (SLA) contact - http://www.friendsnrc.org/contacts/contacts.asp http://www.friendsnrc.org/contacts/contacts.asp FRIENDS NRC for CBCAPFRIENDS NRC for CBCAP –Director – Linda Baker – Lbaker3@nc.rr.com Lbaker3@nc.rr.com –TA Coordinators Alicia Luckie – APLUCKIE@elmore.rr.comAlicia Luckie – APLUCKIE@elmore.rr.comAPLUCKIE@elmore.rr.com Cassandra Furman - cfirman@wavecable.comCassandra Furman - cfirman@wavecable.comcfirman@wavecable.com Edi Winkle - ediwinkle@windstream.netEdi Winkle - ediwinkle@windstream.netediwinkle@windstream.net Federal Project OfficerFederal Project Officer –Melissa Brodowski - melissa.brodowski@acf.hhs.gov melissa.brodowski@acf.hhs.gov