1. The development of the State Probation Service - yesterday, today, tomorrow Mihails Papsujevičs Head of State Probation Service Riga17.10.2014.

2. Some facts about Latvia Regaining of independence 1991 - 50 years after being included in the USSR EU Member States 2004 Population 2,025 million. The territory of 64,559 km2 Transition from punishment (revenge) to the social inclusion Number of prisoners per 100 000 inhabitants: 1992 – 314 1995 – 374 1998 – 410 2001 – 373 2004 – 353 2007 - 287 2010.g. – 314 2014.g. - 264 Resource: www.prisonstudies.org

3. Some facts about the probation service An institution of direct administration supervised by the Minister of Justice Established in 2003 Centralized structure. Policies and standards are implemented by the central office Probation officers are civil servants A probation client can become any offender who has reached the age of criminal responsibility * The number of employed in 2014 - 380 The number of probation clients: ~ 20, 000 (2013 - 16604)

4. Some facts about the probation service The functions of the State Probation Service: 2004 - Post-penitentiary assistance (until 1 July, 2009) 2004 - Evaluation report 2005 - Forced labour + Reconciliation (mediation) in criminal cases + social behaviour correction programs + assessment of risks and needs 2006 - Supervision of Offenders (conditionally sentenced, conditionally released prisoners, conditionally released from criminal liability) 2011 - an additional sentence - Probation Supervision 2013 – Combinations of supervision of offenders and forced labour combinations

5. Some facts about the probation service The distribution of resources: 1.>50% offender supervision 2. ~ 20% forced labour 3. ~ 12% social behaviour correction programs 4. ~ 12% evaluation reports 5. <6% other functions

6. Some facts about the probation service The assistance of other countries in formation of the probation system in Latvia: Canada Norway Estonia United Kingdom Ireland Netherlands

7. Our challenges in the last 10 years What is "probation"? There are no adequate expressions in Latvian Lack of academic knowledge on probation The general public does not understand / does not read English, Computer skills and practice are at a low level The academic sector is minimally involved in the creation of the probation system Insufficient criticality of probation system developers Taking over the experience of other countries you have to be very careful (differences in the interests of both donor and recipient) Mutual trust and a genuine long-term cooperation relationships

8. Our challenges in the last 10 years A very low level of public support and understanding Stigmatization of Probation officers ‘Defenders of criminals' (the first function was post-penitentiary assistance) 'Impotent' or 'Women' office '(no weapons, uniforms, 85% women) Lack of trust of the partners (the court, the prosecution, the police, social services, etc.) Low population density + lots of functions = a universal probation officer Must be familiar with a lot of regulations, methods of work, must be able to keep track of the constant changes Must possess many skills, competencies

9. Our challenges in the last 10 years Introduction of the model Risk + Needs + Responsive action Step 1: Implementation of Risk and Needs Assessment Instrument Step 2: Difficult to find a balance between control and support Step 3: Identity Crisis: probation officer = policeman + social worker + psychologist + teacher Step 4: probation officer = change agent Very high turnover (12-34% per year) Higher salaries at other institutions Increasing requirements for employees - professional duties are becoming more complex

10. Our challenges in the last 10 years «Cracks» increase between the central office and regional divisions Regional divisions demand Indicating policy - fear of responsibility, consequences Surveillance plan, the evaluation report samples, etc. Detailing of methodologies Decision-making in relation to the transfer of responsibility for the client's case management to headquarters staff Sex offenders - the need for alternative approaches

11. Our challenges in the last 10 years Introduction of Social behaviour correction programs The program is suitable for all probation clients Only psychologists can run programs Incomplete understanding of the program material and the process of adaptation, as well as fears of a possible copyright infringement of program material in the adaptation process Staff burnout Increasing demands + lack of adequate training Permanent changes in legislation and working methodologies Traumatic events (based on the case of secondary injuries) Identity crisis

12. Our challenges in the last 10 years Too much "paper" bureaucracy Cooperation problems with non-governmental social rehabilitation institutions (SRC) Probation is too bureaucratic and punitive (SRC views) SRC are not competent (probation opinion) Weak inter-institutional cooperation Your client = Your problem

13. Solutions Significantly improved and adequate legislative basis of the probation work Territorial Division of the Advisory Council of the State Probation Service + Advisory Council of the State Probation Service – help to successfully solve issues of cooperation with partners Establishment of Training and Research Division A wide range of internal training Communion training with the prison system officers Specializing in working with sex offenders + social behaviour correction programs (in public + imprisonment)

14. Solutions Cooperation with the academic sector Professional master studies «Social Work (specialization in the field of criminal justice)" (Latvian University) Promotion of Students' research interests - the annual update of the research topics and submission to higher education institutions of Latvia, examination of applications for research works, providing support for research activities to students Creation of the library of the State Probation Service Peer counseling (support) system Introduction of Individual supervisions, involving specialists outside the organization

15. Solutions Direct involvement of the representatives of the Central Office in dealing with customers Shared duties - partly the responsibilities of the central office, partly work with the client Practical work experience with a probation client actually is a necessary prerequisite for the transfer to work at the central office One of the preconditions of quality control is the discussion with the manager of the client's case before making the conclusions of the client's case management Development of IT infrastructure In the case management - digital thing Direct access to the databases of other institutions Intranet website

16. Solutions Trainers network Work with sex offenders (Assessment +Program Management) Motivating interviewing Peer counseling Establishment of Probation Officers Union of Latvia Volunteers In reconciliation field In work with sex offenders (COSA) Researches on the relapse of persons released from custody and the relapse of sex offenders

17. Future challenges Less dangerous offenders Dangerous offenders Extension of additional sentence - probation supervision Probation officer powers in determining the obligations for probation clients (now it is done by the Court) Tooling evaluation and improvement Risk and needs assessment tools Social behaviour correction programs (management of emotions, substance use management, respectful relationships)

18. Future challenges The introduction of electronic monitoring (back-doors model) Improvement of Youth Surveillance System More extensive volunteer involvement in probation work Inter-institutional cooperation in dealing with dangerous offenders (MAPPA) Cross-border cooperation within the EU in implementation of Council Framework Decision 2008/947/JHA Involvement of mental health professionals in the work with the probation clients Introduction of E-solutions for the training of staff Strengthening of Restorative justice principles in the execution of criminal penalties

19. Thanks to all probation officers and supporters of probation work for the work done and to be done! Thanks to I.Jurevičius for support in the creation of this presentation!

20. Thanks for your attention!