1. AQUACULTURE RESEARCH ISSUES, OPPORTUNITIES AND CURRENT PRIORITIES IN INDONESIA Ketut Sugama Research Center for Aquaculture Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research MMAF

2. Market size fishBroodstock Eggs/HatchingFingerling/Fry Larvi Culture Tech: Biological dev’t Early feeding Feeding regime Rearing manag. Fish Breeding Tech: Domestication Maturation Spawning Selective breeding Post Harvest Tech: Quality assurance Value added Fish Farming Tech: Good aq. practice Health manag. Feed manag. Site Selection & Holding systems Nursery Tech: Quality indicator Vaccine dev’t Biol. detection early diseases CURRENT RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

3. Milkfish, Travely, Common carp Catfish, Gouramy, Macrobrachium Cerax sp. Abalone/Oyster Others.. Shrimp, Grouper, Sea bass Tuna, Seaweed, Tilapia, Pearl oyster, Exotic fish, Crabs MAIN CULTURED SPECIES

4. Research Issues/Needs An important area that requires further research could be grouped into five: Breeding and genetic improvement Health management (effectively combat emerging diseases) Feed development (quality, safe feeds and efficient) Environmental management Holding systems development

5. Wild caught seed Wild caught broodstock Captive bred broodstock >2 generations Captive bred Genetic Management. GeneticImprovement PRESENT STATUS OF RESEARCH FOR FISH BREEDING

6. Broodstock Improvement Research is focus on production of good quality of seeds  Where genetically clean (SPF), Strong or Healthy Strong or Healthy  Fast growing and resistant to diseases (SPR) diseases (SPR) Linkage gene for marker assist selection

7. What genetic issues should we be taking into account? Maintaining and improving culture performance –Strain selection (up to 60% difference best-worst) –Harvesting genetic variation at the beginning of domestication –Managing genetic variation during and after domestication –Ultimately exploiting genetic variation through selective breeding and other genetics based technologies dilemma Managing environmental impact (genetic pollution) –The potential impact of translocations and genetic changes during domestication on natural genetic diversity –Genetic technologies to monitor and minimize impact

8. Diseases Research focus on:  Development of molecular probe for early detection and a rapid respond of viral diseases such as: WSSV,TSV,IHHNV, IMNV, NHPV, VNN, Irido virus.  Cost-effective method of controlling certain infectious diseases  Development of Probiotic and Vaccine (No antibiotic use)  Development of standards health management

9. Feeds Research focus on:  Develop appropriate feed substitute/supplements for fish meal and live feed for hatchery produced fry/juvenile/ Grow-out  Developing species-specific Broodstock diets that allow complete domestication and maximal reproductive and larval quality  Better understanding of larval nutritional requirements, in order to develop suitable compound diets, which will further reduce the need for live food (Artemia) Maggot Maturation pellet

10. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Research Focus on:  Site selection. Land capability assessment and classification for suitable pond based and cages aquaculture system  Develop reliable monitoring and management tools of aquaculture environment (Planning Tool)  Promote the application of environmentally friendly aquaculture technology to remediate deterioration in water quality due to intensification.  In CBF, comprehensive and quantitative assessment of environmental risks and impact of enhancements in relation to complete watersheds

11. Holding System Develop close- recirculation system hatchery for producing of clean, healthy and strong seeds Design cages for offshore marine finfish

12. OPPORTUNITIES To identifying opportunities, is useful to see six general development trends of aquaculture in Indonesia: 1.Continuing in/ex-tensification of aquaculture production 2.Continuing diversification of species use 3.Continuing diversification of production system and practices 4.Increasing influence of markets, trade and consumers 5.Enhancing regulation and improving governance 6.Increasing attention on better management practices In support of the above trends four areas of opportunities have been identified: a. Application of innovative capacity enhancement program b. Search for new technologies c. Development of new aquatic products, markets and integration into eco- tourism sector d. Development of new financial product

13. CURRENT PRIORITY R & D is based on the principles of : “farmer participatory research” or “farmer first and last research” Participatory research:  involves small,  resource-poor farmers to generate or adapt appropriate technology on farm

14. Best Aquaculture Practices for shrimp Sustainable Technology – –Low water exchange system – –Closed pond system – –Zero water exchange (Heterotrophic -bacteria floc) system Environmental Friendly -- Reservoirs – –Sedimentations – –No chemicals or anti- biotics – –Mangrove conservation Strict Bio-security Traceability Integrated system (Social & Technical) RESEARCH PRIORITY

15. MAIN PROBLEM IN SHRIMP CULTURE IS VIRUSES I. Viral Diseases: – WSS, TS & IHHN – IMN & NHP (exotic diseases) II. Prevention Strategy have to be developed 1.Seed have to be SPF & SPR 2.Dianostic  PCR 3.Biosecurity 4. Closed system Technology 5.Improve immunity (immunostimulan) 6.Avoid physical stress WSSV TSV IHHNV IMNV

16. ab bb aa bb ab aa ab MAS (marker assisted selection) the a-marker is linked the QTL (high growth-rate)

17. Thanks