1. 1 Life Cycle Assessment Tools for the Development of Integrated Waste Management Strategies for Cities and Regions with Rapid Growing Economies LCA-IWM Prof. Johannes Jager, Emilia Szpadt, Jan den Boer Technische Universität Darmstadt Institute WAR (Institute for Water Supply and Groundwater Protection, Wastewater Technology, Waste Management, Industrial Material Flows and Environmental Planning)

2. 2 Agenda Introduction of the project Current waste management in the EU Accession States Proposed tools for waste management planning State of work

3. 3 Research Programme: Environment and Sustainable Development (EESD) Key-action “The City of Tomorrow and Cultural Heritage” 4.1 Sustainable city planning and rational resource management 4.1.2 Improving the quality of urban life LCA-IWM within EU research Programme LCA-IWM EU 5th Framework Programme 1998-2002

4. 4 Involved Municipalities: Barcelona, Reus (Spain) Wroclaw (Poland) Nitra (Slovakia) Xanthi (Greece) Kaunas (Lithuania) Consortium 1.Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany 2.Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) Grup AGA, Spain 3.Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Austria 4.Wrocław University of Technology, Poland 5.Democritus University of Thrace, Greece 6.novaTec, Luxemburg Involved Municipalities: Barcelona, Reus (Spain), Wroclaw (Poland) Nitra, (Slovakia), Xanthi, (Greece) 8 University Partners and 4 SMEs: 7.De Straat Milieu adviseurs, the Netherlands 8.Infrastruktur & Umwelt, Germany 9.Servei de Tecnologia Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain 10.Wameco, Consulting company, Poland 11.Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania 12.Slovak University of Technology, Slovakia

5. 5 Objectives of LCA-IWM: Develop decision support for: Planning of new Optimisation of existing waste manag. systems Two tools are proposed: Waste Prognostic model Criteria and quantitative indicators for assessment of the (i)environmental, (ii)economic (iii)social performance of integrated waste management strategies Targeted user: waste management decision maker (planner) in EU Accession Countries and South European Regions

6. 6 Assessment model Credits:Energy Compost Secondary materials Final disposal Collection systems, transport Temporary storage Wastepre-treatment& treatment Composting Digestion Mech.-Biol. Pre-treatment Incineration Recycling: (paper, glass, metals, plastics, WEEE) Environ- mental Economi c Social Project milestones Prognostic model hazardous waste bulky waste residual waste WEEE organic waste plastics metals glass paper & cardboard Waste quantity & composition

7. 7 Why waste prognostic model is needed Data sources: Williams, P.T., Szpadt, R., 1999 Underlying factors: Socio-economic development, consumption patterns, environmental awareness etc.

8. 8 Waste Quantities Factors of Influence –general (temp., area, population) –economic (GDP) –social (education, housing equipment) –environment (CO2 emission) –waste management (waste treatment capacity) Data collection on waste generation and socio-political developments time series: 1970 – 2001 32 states, 55 cities over 33.000 data sets

9. 9 Delivery: Prognostic model

10. 10 bottom lining 5% accord. EU standards 25% - one layer lining 70% no isolation gas installation 10% of landfills 10 plants – el. engine leachate collection 20% of all landfills Why waste management planning tools are needed Example: Poland selective collection – app. 2% of MSW; the rest landfilled

11. 11 Why waste management planning tools are needed Case study: Poland Polish Waste Law: (...) the next urgent step is to develop waste management plans: at regional level: by June 2003 at the county level by December 2003 at the commune level by June 2004 Potential to develop optimal waste management systems !!! lack of experience on advance waste management technology lack of data for impact assessment lack of public acceptance

12. 12 Landfill Energy Cement kiln Landfill Energy Incineration Energy Landfill Mech.-Biol. Pre-treatment Mech.-Biol. Pretreatment Composting Incineration Compost Mech.-Biol. Pretreatment Composting Incineration Landfill Compost Energy Recycling Materials Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4 Scenario 5 Waste management assessment model

13. 13 Prognostic model Waste generation Temporary storage module 1 INVENTORY Collection module 1 Temporary storage module n Collection module n Treatment module 1 Treatment module n Credit module 1 Credit module n Products: energy and secondary materials economic indicators environm. indicators social indicators economic criteria environm. criteria social criteria ASSESSMENT Im pa ct reference scenario 1 scenario n Im pa ct reference scenario 1 scenario n I m p a ct reference scenario 1 scenario n AGGREGATION Transport module 1 Transport module n Material / energy flow (waste, products Information flow (emissions, costs) LEGEND Assessment tool structure

14. 14 Sources of criteria selection for waste management assessment 1) General objectives of waste management according to Framework Directive on Waste (74/442/EEC as amended by 91/156/EEC) 2) Specific targets of the European Waste Policy (landfill directive, packaging directive, WEEE) 3) Targets of the European 6th Environment Programme 4) Consortium understanding of sustainability in waste management 5)Targets of the selected municipalities 6)Expertise of involved partners Environmental Social Economic

15. 15 Environmental criteria for WM assessment - examples –global warming potential –health impact (toxic emissions) –resources consumption -reduction of landfilling of organic waste -recovery & recycling targets for glass, paper, plastics EU Recovery/ recycling quotas LCIA approach

16. 16 minimisation Social sustainability Social equity Social function Social acceptance Costs allocation Benefits distribution Quality of employment Waste minimisation Waste valorisation Local employment creation Perceived risk Odour, Noise Visual impact Private and urban space consumption Social criteria and indicators for WM assessment - examples

17. 17 Problems & Further work European dimension Prognosis model development – data availability Level of detail of the assessment criteria and indicators Quantification of standard module inventory data Verification phase in the involved municipalities Tools and Handbook