1. Value chain Analysis Irrigated Horticultural Crops and Fodder Oromia Region Group Work

2. Group members 1. Ato Tadesse Kudhema 2. Ato Seyoum Etana 3. Dr. Amenu Oljira 4. Ato Awol Sultan 5. Ato Tesefaye Moreda 6. Dr. Bultuma Keno 7. Dr. Tilahun Geleto 13. Dr. Ephrem Tesema

3. Group members 8. Ato Edossa Etissa 9. Ato Abera Ketema 10. Ato Andarge Senbeta 11. Ato Nigatu Alemayehu 12. Dr. Abule Ebro 13. W/t Fanos Mekonen 14 Ato Bekele Nigirti

4. vegetables

5. Constituents/stages of the value chain 1.1. Input supply Seed/ seedling materials (planting materials) Agrochemicals(fertilizer, pesticides) Water pump with accessories(motorized,mechanical) other technologies(Drip,sprinkler) Traction power(oxen,tractor) Hand tools(Shovel, sickle, forks,spade etc.) Natural resources(water, land) Packaging materials Labour(skilled and unskilled)

6. Const. con… Energy sources (fuel and lubricants, electric, solar)

7. Stages con… 1.2. Production Management – Irrigation facility mgt – Nursery operations – agronomic practice – seed production – irrigation water management Harvesting and post harvest activities Product quality 1.3.storage 1.4. Suitable containers and transportation 1.5. Processing/Packing

8. Stages… 1.6. Marketing Market information (marketing intelligence and middle men) Selling price(farm gate and market price) Market infrastructure and centres(location Quality and standards

9. Functions Stages of VCActorsFunctions Supply of inputsPrivate merchants,unions,research centres, universities, BOA,BWME,NGOS,farmers Supply inputs for the producers ProductionPrivate leasers,individual farmers,government interprises,commercial farms Involved in production and supply of irrigated vegetables for end users and processors Transporting and storing Farmers,private land leasers, commercial farmers, truck owners and drivers, whole salers Deliver and store until the product reaches end users ProcessorsLimited private firms and Govt enterprise like Merti Value addition to the product MarketingProducers, middlemen including brokers,merchants that include retailers and whole salers,SMI,Coops Distribute the product, decide on prices ConsumptionUrban and rural inhabitantsBuy and utilize the products

10. Services provided and service providers Stages of VCService providedService providers Supply of inputsCredit serviceCoops,Micro finance instns Production,pump & irrigation facility maintenance,renting pumps, planning, spraying chemicals,extension service,and trainings taking into account gender & environmental concerns BWME,BOA,individuals,NG Os,research and academic institutions,WUA Transporting and storingTruck ownersTransport the product Processing******* Consumption***

11. Vision model of the value chain We aspire to see increased income and hence improved livelihood of subsistence farmers (both male & females) from irrigated vegetable production through effective and efficient irrigation water utilization and proper technology use with out depleting the existing natural resource basis within the next six years.

12. Sub visions model Stages of VCVisions Supply of inputs Inputs provided on time in the required quantity, quality, with affordable price for the producers Production Increased production/productivity of quality vegetables through efficient utilization of water resources on integrated watershed management base Transporting and storing Reduced transportation costs and post harvest loses of vegetable products ProcessingIncreased number of processing companies that add value to vegetable products MarketingEffective and efficient marketing system established that increase the benefit of producers ConsumptionHealthy and quality nutrition from vegetable consumption

13. Constraints Production Knowledge Gap in disease and pest Identification Pesticide and fertilizer application lacks Scientific background Poor agronomic practice Watering frequency and amount is not based on crop water requirement.

14. Constraint… Up -Down Stream Issue( Watershed manag’mt) Water Pump and accessories cost and taxation Maintenance of pumps and canals Salinity, Siltation and Conservation Residual impact of Pesticides and fertilization Infrastructure in the west( Road, institutions, Collective Ownership Resource Use and Human Factors( willingness, interest, motivation, behaviors, participation )

15. Constraint… Input Supply and Services Assessment of varieties suitability to ecology Hybreeds are used for subsequent production No regulation on quality, expiry date, storage Inputs provided by non-professionals and supply inconsistency New varieties/technologies are not released frequently and multiplication is a problem

16. Constraint… Processing and Market Limited Value addition through processing 25-35% losses due to post harvest handling Shortage of containers and transportation Bruising and damage during picking, packing and transport Price is not based on quality and grading Few traders dominate the market Limited market information and intelligence

17. Linkage Linkage Between producers and technology generators is not strong. Only Model farmers Linkage B/n consumers/supermarkets and producers/technology generators is weak. Extension service providers linkage with technology generators is not strong Unions, traders have weak linkage with other actors

18. Opportunities – Existence of market oriented agricultural policy(export promotion and import substitution ) – Increased demand for vegetable consumption due to population growth and incomes – Availability of resources(labor,land and water) – Favorable climate for growing vegetables

19. Required knowledge and capacities to realize the vision Expertise in irrigation agriculture and technology Food science and safety Availability of credit institutions Equipped farmers training centres Effective support system from Gos and NGOs

20. Required Services Effective and efficient support systems for resource poor farmers(men and women) making them access to water and land resources. Concern for environmental sustainability, partnership among rural actors Responsibility and commitment Expansion of infrastructure Natural resources endowment (Water, land, labor, climate and etc)

21. Required enabling environmental conditions to realize the vision Environmental management through integrated water shed management approach so as secure continues irrigation water supply from the sources

22. Fruits

23. Constituents/stages of the value chain 1.1. Input supply Seed/ seedling materials (planting materials) Agrochemicals(fertilizer, pesticides) Water pump with accessories(motorized,mechanical) other technologies(Drip,sprinkler) Traction power(oxen,tractor) Hand tools(Shovel, sickle, forks,spade etc.) Natural resources(water, land) Packaging materials Labour(skilled and unskilled)

24. Const. con… Energy sources (fuel and lubricants, electric, solar)

25. Stages con… 1.2. Production Management – Irrigation facility mgt and water sources – Nursery operations – agronomic practice – seed production – irrigation water management Harvesting and post harvest activities 1.3.storage 1.4. Suitable containers and transportation 1.5. Processing/Packing

26. Stages… 1.6. Marketing Market information (marketing intelligence and middle men) Selling price(farm gate and market price) Market infrastructure and centers(location) Quality and standards

27. Functions Stages of VCActorsFunctions Supply of inputsPrivate merchants,unions,research centres, universities, BOA,BWME,NGOS,farmers Supply inputs for the producers ProductionPrivate leasers,individual farmers,government interprises,commercial farms Involved in production and supply of irrigated fruits for end users and processors Transporting and storing Farmers,private land leasers, commercial farmers, truck owners and drivers, whole salers Deliver and store until the product reaches end users ProcessorsLimited private firms and Govt enterprise like Merti Value addition to the product MarketingProducers, middlemen including brokers,merchants that include retailers and whole salers,SMI,Coops Distribute the product, decide on prices ConsumptionUrban and rural inhabitantsBuy and utilize the products

28. Services provided and service providers Stages of VCService providedService providers Supply of inputsCredit serviceCoops,Micro finance instns Production,pump & irrigation facility maintenance,renting pumps, planning, spraying chemicals,extension service,and trainings taking into account gender & environmental concerns BWME,BOA,individuals,NG Os,research and academic institutions,WUA Transporting and storingTruck ownersTransport the product Processing******* Consumption***

29. Vision model of the value chain We aspire to see increased income and hence improved livelihood of subsistence farmers (both male & females) from irrigated fruit production through effective and efficient irrigation water utilization and proper technology use with out depleting the existing natural resource basis within the next six years.

30. Sub visions model Stages of VCVisions Supply of inputs Inputs provided on time in the required quantity, quality, with affordable price for the producers Production Increased production/productivity of quality fruits through efficient utilization of water resources on integrated watershed management basis Transporting and storing Reduced transportation costs and post harvest loses of fruits ProcessingIncreased number of processing companies that add value to fruits products MarketingEffective and efficient marketing system established that increase the benefit of producers ConsumptionHealthy and quality nutrition from fruit consumption

31. Constraints Input supply Shortage of Scions Agro-chemicals are not available for fruits Shortage of Sprayer Seedlings distributed by MoA are from unknown source Eg. Avocado Type A and B, Papaya male and female Production Disease ( eg Citrus) Farmers are not willing to plant Fruit( Long growth period )

32. Low volume of production and productivity Knowledge gap in fruit management and nursery Chat and coffee are replacing/competing Agro-ecological suitability assessment Some of traditionally Known fruits are under threat Urban and rural backyard fruit growing changed to decoration Marketing and Processing Poor packages and transportation Poor Quality Limited processing Price is fixed by Traders

33. Opportunities – Existence of market oriented agricultural policy(export promotion and import substitution strategies) – Increased demand for fruit consumption due to population growth and incomes – Availability of resources(labor,land and water) – Favorable climate for growing fruits

34. Required knowledge and capacities to realize the vision Expertise in irrigation agriculture and technology Food science and safety Availability of credit institutions Equipped farmers training centres Effective support system from Gos and NGOs

35. Required Services Effective and efficient support systems for resource poor farmers(men and women) making them access to water and land resources. Concern for environmental sustainability, partnership among rural actors Responsibility and commitment Expansion of infrastructure Natural resources endowment (Water, land, labor, climate and etc)

36. Required enabling environmental conditions to realize the vision Environmental management through integrated water shed management approach so as secure continues irrigation water supply from the sources

37. Fodder

38. Stages 1.1. Input supply Seed/ seedling materials (planting materials) Agrochemicals(fertilizer, pesticides) Water pump with accessories(motorized,mechanical) other technologies(Drip,sprinkler) Traction power(oxen,tractor) Hand tools(Shovel, sickle, forks,spade etc.) Natural resources(water, land) Labour(skilled and unskilled)

39. Fodder con… Energy sources (fuel and lubricants, electric, solar)

40. Fodder 1.2. Production Management – Nursery operations – agronomic practice – seed production – irrigation water management Harvesting and post harvest activities Product quality 1.3.storage 1.4. Suitable containers and transportation 1.5. Processing/Packing

41. 1.6. Marketing Market information Selling price Market infrastructure Quality and standards

42. C. Fodder Functions of the chain actors at the different stages 2.1. Producers Small holder farmers Cooperatives Private 2.2. Input suppliers (supply of inputs) – Private – Unions – Research centers (Not continuous) – Universities (Not frequently) – NGOs (Not frequently) – Farmer to farmer

43. C. Fodder – Water, mineral and energy Bureau – Bureau of Agriculture 2.3. Processors – Private 2.4. Marketing – Unions – Smallholders – Private

44. Fodder III. the services provided and the services providers at each stage of the chain 3.1. Services provided (Gender balanced) Pump rent and maintenance Canal maintenance Spraying Extension service (field-day and advisory) Credit service Capacity building (education, short term training, tour, on job training )

45. Fodder 3.2. Service providers Public – BOA – BWME – Oromia ARI – EIAR – Universities – Cooperative agency – Others Cooperatives and Unions Water users associations Private sector NGO

46. C. Fodder IV. vision/model of the value chain Vision: We envisage an increased income and improved livelihood of small scale farmers through effective and efficient irrigation water utilization and proper technology use for fodder production on sustainable natural resource basis.

47. ActorSub-Vision Input supplier Provision of inputs in the required quantity, quality, affordability and timely for the producer Provide quality and quantity inputs timely which will satisfy the target groups Service providers Effective and efficient service delivery system on sustainable base in the value chain system Provision of services by the private sector in accordance with the needs of fodder farmers Marketing Effective and efficient marketing system and commercialization of fodder ProductionIncreased production/productivity of quality fodder through efficient utilization of water resources on integrated watershed management base

48. C. Fodder V. Identify constraints and opportunities and opportunities to realize the vision 5.1. Constraints 5.1.1. Input – Shortage of improved forage seeds and planting materials – Shortage of agrochemicals

49. Opportunities – Existence of market oriented agricultural policy(export promotion and import substitution strategies) – Increased demand for livestock and livestock products consumption due to population growth and incomes(internal and foreign market) – Availability of resources(labor,land and water) – Favorable climate for growing feeds

50. Required knowledge and capacities to realize the vision Expertise in irrigation agriculture and technology Food science and safety Availability of credit institutions Equipped farmers training centres Effective support system from Gos and NGOs

51. Required Services Effective and efficient support systems for resource poor farmers(men and women) making them access to water and land resources. Concern for environmental sustainability, partnership among rural actors Responsibility and commitment Expansion of infrastructure Natural resources endowment (Water, land, labor, climate and etc)

52. Required enabling environmental conditions to realize the vision Environmental management through integrated water shed management approach so as secure continues irrigation water supply from the sources