3. http://www.cdsi.gov.sa/pdf/Detail_Census_1425.pdf Females10,121,022 (44.63% ) Males12,557,240 (55.37% ) Total 22,678,262

4. http://www.cdsi.gov.sa/pdf/Detail_Census_1425.pdf Saudi Females8,239,970 (49.86% ) Saudi Males8,287,370 (50.14% ) Total 16,527,340

5. http://www.cdsi.gov.sa/pdf/Detail_Census_1425.pdf

10.  overall prevalence of CAD obtained from this study is 5.5% in KSA  Variables found to be statistically significant risk factors in KSA:  age  male gender  Urban residency  body mass index (BMI)  Hypertension  current smoking  fasting blood glucose  fasting cholesterol and triglycerides Al-Nozha, M. M., M. R. Arafah, et al. (2004). "Coronary artery disease in Saudi Arabia." Saudi Med J 25(9): 1165-71.

11.  Prevalence of DM in KSA is 23.7%  age-adjusted prevalence for the year 2000 is 21.9%  27.9% of diabetic patients were unaware of having DM. Al-Nozha, M. M., M. A. Al-Maatouq, et al. (2004). "Diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia." Saudi Med J 25(11): 1603-10.

12.  26.4% of the world’s adult population in 2000 had hypertension  26.6% of men  26.1% of women  hypertension at younger ages was higher in men than in women  but among older people (>60 years) it was higher in women  Increasing weight showed significant increase in prevalence of hypertension in a linear relationship  66.9% of hypertensive patients were unaware of having hypertension Al-Nozha, M. M., M. Abdullah, et al. (2007). "Hypertension in Saudi Arabia." Saudi Med J 28(1): 77-84.

13. Al-Nozha, M. M., M. S. Ali, et al. (1997). "Arterial hypertension in Saudi Arabia." Ann Saudi Med 17(2): 170-4.

14. Al-Nozha, M. M. and A. K. Oman (1998). "The prevalence of hypertension in different geographical regions of Saudi Arabia." Ann Saudi Med 18(5): 401-7.

15. Al-Nozha, M. M., M. R. Arafah, et al. (2008). "Hyperlipidemia in Saudi Arabia." Saudi Med J 29(2): 282-7. mean cholesterol level = 5.4+/-1.52 mmol/l mean triglycerid es level = 1.8+/-1.29 mmol/l

16. al-Nuaim, A. R., K. al-Rubeaan, et al. (1996). "Prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in Saudi Arabia, epidemiological study." Int J Cardiol 54(1): 41-9.

17. Al-Nozha, M. M., Y. Y. Al-Mazrou, et al. (2005). "Obesity in Saudi Arabia." Saudi Med J 26(5): 824-9.

18. al-Nuaim, A. R., K. al-Rubeaan, et al. (1996). "High prevalence of overweight and obesity in Saudi Arabia." Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 20(6): 547-52.  Overweight and obesity were more prevalent among:  Female  Illiterate  High-income  Urban

19.  Presence of at least 3 of the following:  abdominal obesity (waist circumference): > 102 cm (40 inch) in male > 88 cm (35 inch) in female  Triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl (1.69 mmol/L)  HDL cholesterol < 40 mg/dl (1.03 mmol/L) in male < 50 mg/dl (1.29 mmol/L) in female,  blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mm Hg  fasting glucose ≥ or = 110 mg/dl (6.1 mmol/L) Al-Nozha, M., A. Al-Khadra, et al. (2005). "Metabolic syndrome in Saudi Arabia." Saudi Med J 26(12): 1918-25.

20.  Inactivity  Increase with increasing age  Decrease with increasing education levels  Highest in the Central region (97%)  Lowest in the southern region (94%)  Active individuals exhibited  lower values of BMI  Lower values of WC Al-Nozha, M. M., H. M. Al-Hazzaa, et al. (2007). "Prevalence of physical activity and inactivity among Saudis aged 30-70 years. A population-based cross-sectional study." Saudi Med J 28(4): 559-68.

21.  Smoking prevalence was higher among:  male  married  uneducated  certain occupations: manual workers, businessmen, army officers, office workers Jarallah, J. S., K. A. al-Rubeaan, et al. (1999). "Prevalence and determinants of smoking in three regions of Saudi Arabia." Tob Control 8(1): 53-6.

22. El-Desouki, M. I. (2003). "Osteoporosis in postmenopausal Saudi women using dual x-ray bone densitometry." Saudi Med J 24(9): 953-6.

23. Ardawi, M. S., A. A. Maimany, et al. (2005). "Bone mineral density of the spine and femur in healthy Saudis." Osteoporos Int 16(1): 43-55.

24. Ghannam, N. N., M. M. Hammami, et al. (1999). "Bone mineral density of the spine and femur in healthy Saudi females: relation to vitamin D status, pregnancy, and lactation." Calcif Tissue Int 65(1): 23-8.

25. Al-Turki, H. A., M. Sadat-Ali, et al. (2008). "25-Hydoxyvitamin D levels among healthy Saudi Arabian women." Saudi Med J 29(12): 1765-8.