2. ADVANTAGES Water savings Crop response Labour savings Fertilizer savings Less weed growth Drip Irrigation System Layout & Design

3. Saving in pesticides Possible use of saline water Early maturation Minimum soil crusting Field edge loss reduction Drip Irrigation System Layout & Design ADVANTAGES

4. Improved root penetration Irrigation of low intake soils Easy field operation Drip Irrigation System Layout & Design ADVANTAGES

5. LIMITATIONS Sensitivity to clogging Salinity hazards Moisture distribution problems High initial cost Dry soil & dust formation Drip Irrigation System Layout & Design

6. High skill required for Design Installation Operation Maintenance Drip Irrigation System Layout & Design LIMITATIONS

7. SYSTEM COMPONENTS Selection criteria General suitability Pressure flow characteristics Manufacturing variability DISCHARGE ELEMENTS (EMITTERS) Drip Irrigation System Layout & Design

8. Sensitivity to temperature Resistance to clogging Cost Risk Drip Irrigation System Layout & Design SYSTEM COMPONENTS

9. Types - Orifice emitter q = C A - Tube emitter q = 0.034 h.78 - Labyrinth emitter q = 0.125 h.78 Drip Irrigation System Layout & Design SYSTEM COMPONENTS

11. SYSTEM COMPONENTS (Contd.) Lateral lines Sub – mains Main lines Mani – folds Filters Drip Irrigation System Layout & Design SYSTEM COMPONENTS

12. PROBLEMS IN FILTRATION Physical contamination Chemical contamination Effect of water source Fitness of filtration Drip Irrigation System Layout & Design

13. FILTERING EQUIPMENT & METHODS Pressure regulators Control valves Misc. fittings Drip Irrigation System Layout & Design

17. DESIGN Amount of water to apply q = C U. A. σ c q m = Where : q m is av. Emitter discharge in lph H is total hr. of operation/day N is nos. of emitters/ plant q = C U. S I. S m. σ c Drip Irrigation System Layout & Design

18. Spacing of emitters Radius of coverage R = Max. spacing S l X S m Drip Irrigation System Layout & Design DESIGN

19. Uniformity of water distribution Flow variation < 20% Pressure variation < 20% Drip Irrigation System Layout & Design DESIGN

20. Lateral & mainlines Hazen William iq. H = 15.25 X L H = 5.35 (In decreasing flow lines) Drip Irrigation System Layout & Design DESIGN

21. DESIGN CHARTS Lateral for uniform slopes Lateral for non-uniform slopes Sub-main Main Drip Irrigation System Layout & Design

22. Example 1 GIVEN : L = 50 m H = 10 m S = 1% Emitter spacing = 0.3 m q = 4 lph / emitter Drip Irrigation System Layout & Design

23. FIND:Lateral dia. L/H = 5 Q = 4 X 150 = 600 lph = 0.167 lps FIG. 6 (a) 12 mm is acceptable Drip Irrigation System Layout & Design Example 1

24. Example 2 GIVEN: L = 120 mDia = 16 mm H = 10 mQ = 0.13 lps Drip Irrigation System Layout & Design

25. SLOPE: 0 – 303% down 30 – 60 2% down 60 – 900% 90 – 1203% down Drip Irrigation System Layout & Design Example 2

26. SOLUTION: I/L H I (m) H I / L 0.250.90.0075 0.51.50.0125 0.751.50.0125 12.40.02 Drip Irrigation System Layout & Design Example 2

27. Plot I/Lvs. H I / L OHP 12 H = 5.35 X L = Drip Irrigation System Layout & Design Example 2

28. = 1.5 m = =.15 L/H= 120/10 = 12 Drip Irrigation System Layout & Design Example 2

29. Check pressure variation at 4 points at I/L 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1. Fig 8 Variations are (QD III) Less than 10% Drip Irrigation System Layout & Design Example 2

30. Example 3 GIVEN: A= 20 ha Fig 11 Subplot = 0.4 ha Q = 2 lps / subplot Drip Irrigation System Layout & Design

31. Fig 12, Plot mainline profile Plot reqd. pressure head Plot energy line Use Fig 10 OHP 14 with S = 1 % Find dia of mainline Table 5 Drip Irrigation System Layout & Design Example 3