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Published byJamir Spofford Modified over 10 years ago
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Upper Respiratory
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external nares (nostrils)
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nasal cavity
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nasal septum
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Perpendicular plate
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vomer bone
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internal nares The nose leads to the pharynx through this pair of openings creating a pathway for air to reach the lungs
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Nasal conchae superior middle inferior Thin scroll-shaped bony structures that force air over a large surface area for rapid warming and filtering
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Paranasal sinuses
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ethmoid Contains 3-18 small air spaces or “cells” inside ethmoid bone
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frontal
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maxillary
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sphenoid
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hard palate
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pharynx Throat: extends from internal nares down to the larynx
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nasopharynx Posterior to nasal cavity and extends to the plane of the soft palate
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oropharynx Posterior to oral cavity and extends from soft palate to the level of the hyoid bone
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laryngopharynx Begins at the level of the hyoid bone and connects the esophagus with the larynx (voice box)
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larynx
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epiglottis
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thyroid cartilage
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arytenoid cartilage
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corniculate cartilage
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cricoid cartilage
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Vocal cords False vocal cord True vocal cord
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glottis (opening)
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Lower Respiratory Tract
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trachea
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carina One of the most sensitive areas for triggering a cough reflex
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respiratory tree Begins at the trachea and ends at the terminal bronchioles Trachea Primary Bronchi Secondary Bronchi Tertiary Bronchi Bronchioles Terminal Bronchioles
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primary bronchi
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secondary (lobar) bronchi
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tertiary (segmental) bronchi
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intralobular bronchiole
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terminal bronchiole
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respiratory bronchiole
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alveolar duct
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alveolar sac
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alveoli
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lungs
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lobes
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Right lung – 3 lobes
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Left lung – 2 lobes
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RESPIRATORY MUSCLES KNOW the muscle involved in normal and forced ventilation
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INSPIRATORY MUSCLES
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diaphragm
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external intercostals
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sternocleidomastoid
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pectoralis minor
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scalenes
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EXPIRATORY MUSCLES
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internal intercostals
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rectus abdominis
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external oblique
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internal oblique
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Transverse abdominis
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parietal pleura Outer membrane Contacts ribs
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visceral pleura Inner membrane Covers lung Like cellophane
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pleural cavity Space between
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