1. Human Elective V.Redmond 2011

3. Overpopulation  Overpopulation occurs when there are more people living in an area than there are resources to support them.  Resources could include clean water, food, shelter, land, education, medicine, etc.

5. Sudan  North east Africa  Largest African country  Barren, only 5% of land is fertile. Desert climate in north and Tropical in south.  Capital is Khartoum  Political divisions between Islamic north and Black south.

8. Map of Sudan

9. Population in Sudan  32 million  50% under 18 years  Life expectancy 55 years  Uneven distribution  33% population living on 7% of land  66% of population live within 300 km of Khartoum

11. Causes of Overpopulation  High Birth Rates  Migration and Conflict  Environmental Degradation  …….Overpopulation is confined to certain parts of Sudan (near Khartoum and the Darfur region)

12. Birth Rates  Stage 2 in population cycle  High level of natural increase  Large families, 5 children average  High infant mortality  Lack education/ Family planning  50% of population under 18  High Dependency Ratio

14. Conflict  2003  Sudanese Liberation Army & Justice and Equality Movement  Rebelled against government  Blamed govt for not protecting farming communities and not developing the Darfur region of Sudan  Govt responded with violence

16. Conflict and Migration  Govt bombed villages  Supported Janjawid (mounted Arab militia)  Continuous fighting in rural areas  Villages looted, burned, abandoned  Over a million displaced people (refugees) within Darfur and thousands fled to Chad  Thousands killed

18. Effect of Conflict on Population  Overpopulation in certain areas  Lack of services and employment in these areas  Refugees require huge amount of food and medical aid  Brain drain as professionals emigrate

19. Influx from Ethiopia  Famine and Conflict  One million refugees flee to Darfur  Lack skills/education  Unemployment  Burden of aid provision

20. Migration  Internal  External to Chad  Immigration from Ethiopia  Brain drain

21. Environmental Degradation  Drought reduces food production capacity  Regular drought  Deforestation for fuel  Deforestation causing Desertification  Sahara spreading south 10 km a year

23. Exam Questions  Explain the term overpopulation and examine two causes of overpopulation in a region you have studied. (30 marks)  Discuss two effects of overpopulation in a region or country that you have studied. (30 marks)  Examine one cause and one effect of overpopulation, with reference to examples you have studied. (30 marks)