1. Matter and Its
Properties

2. Volume is the amount of three dimensional space
an object occupies.
Mass is a measure of the amount of matter.
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up
space.

3. Basic Building Blocks of Matter
An atom is the smallest unit of an element that
maintains the chemical identity of that element.
An element is a pure substance that cannot be
broken down into simpler, stable substances and
is made of one type of atom.

4. A compound is a substance that can be broken
down into simple stable substances.
Each compound is made from the atoms of two or
more elements that are chemically bonded.
Example: NaCl
(Table Salt)
Sugar

5. Properties and Changes in Matter
Extensive properties depend on the amount of
matter that is present.
volume
mass
the amount of energy in a substance

6. Intensive properties do not depend on the amount
of matter present.
melting point
boiling point
density
ability to conduct electricity
ability to transfer energy as heat

7. Physical Properties and Changes
A physical property is a characteristic that can be
observed or measured without changing the
identity of the substance.
melting point and boiling point

8. A physical change is a change in a substance that
does not involve a change in the identity of the
substance.
grinding, cutting, melting, and boiling

9. A change of state is a physical change of a
substance from one state to another.
states of matter – solid state, liquid state, gas
state, plasma

10. In the solid state, matter has definite volume and definite shape.
Particle Movement
Examples

11. In the liquid state, matter has a definite volume
but an indefinite shape.
Particle Movement
Examples

12. In the gas state, matter has neither definite volume
nor definite shape.
Particle Movement
Examples

13. Plasma is a high-temperature physical state of
matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons,
particles which make up atoms.
Matter enters the plasma state when it is heated to such a high temperature that some of the atoms begin to break apart.
The negatively charged
electrons (yellow) are
freely streaming
through the positively
charged ions (blue).

14. Plasma Examples Plasma can be found in stars, fluorescent
light bulbs, Cathode ray tubes, neon signs,
and lightening.

15. Chemical Properties and Changes
A chemical property relates to a substance’s ability
to undergo changes that transform it into different
substances.
For example, the ability of charcoal (carbon) to
burn in air is a chemical property.

16. A change in which one or more substances are
converted into different substances is called a
chemical change or chemical reaction.
The fireworks
display at right is
an example of a
reaction that releases
heat and light.

17. The reactants are the substances that react in a chemical change.
The products are the substances that are formed
by the chemical change.
example: The following chemical equation shows that the reactant ammonium dichromate yields the products nitrogen, chromium(III) oxide, and water.
Reactant
Products

18. Classification of Matter
A mixture is a blend of two or more kinds of
matter, each of which retains its own identity
and properties.
mixed together
physically
can usually be
separated
Would the pizza be a
mixture?

19. Homogeneous mixtures are called solutions.
uniform in composition (salt-water solution).
Soft drinks in sealed bottles are examples of homogeneous mixtures.

20. Heterogeneous mixtures not uniform throughout (clay-water solution)
Pizza is an example of
a heterogeneous mixture.

21. Pure Substances A pure substance has a fixed composition.
Pure substances are either compounds or elements.
Compound
Element

22. A pure substance differs from a mixture in the
following ways:
Every sample of a given pure substance has
exactly the same characteristic properties.
exactly the same composition.
Water is always 11.2% hydrogen and 88.8%
oxygen by mass.

23. Classification of Matter