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Published byMalcolm Witherow Modified over 10 years ago
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[b] [p] ____________________________________ _________________ -30 -20 -10 0 +10 +20 +30 +40 +50 Point of release
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_____________________________________________________ -30 -20 -10 0 +10 +20 +30 +40 +50 Point of release +5 VOT+15 VOT [b]
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_____________________________________________________ -30 -20 -10 0 +10 +20 +30 +40 +50 Point of release +15 VOT+25 VOT [b]
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_____________________________________________________ -30 -20 -10 0 +10 +20 +30 +40 +50 Point of release +25 VOT+35 VOT [b][p]
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_____________________________________________________ -30 -20 -10 0 +10 +20 +30 +40 +50 Point of release +35 VOT+45 VOT [p]
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Is this learned or Innate? Big debate in the 1960s and 1970s: –Lieberman et.al. (1961) argued that this is based purely on experience and is learned (compatible with the Cognitive Approach) –Eimas et. al. (1971) argued that this is a biological phenomenon and has nothing to do with experience (compatible with Nativism).
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High Amplitude Sucking Technique Children like to suck… When they get excited, they suck quicker… When they detect a change in their environment, they get excited… Once they get used to that change, they get bored… When they get bored, their sucking rate drops back to normal.
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High Amplitude Sucking Technique This can be used to test infants perceptive abilities of sounds
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Suck Rate (Silence)(switch on Amp) [ba]ba-ba-ba-ba-ba-ba-ba-ba ba ba ba
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Suck Rate ba ba [pa]pa-pa-pa-pa-pa-pa-pa-pa pa pa pa
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Suck Rate +15ms +15ms +15ms+25ms+25ms +25ms +25ms +25ms
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Suck Rate +25ms +25ms +25ms[+35]+35-+35-+35-+35-+35-+35 +35 +35 +35
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Spanish Children Contrast between voiced and voiceless for Spanish is not +30ms, but +20 ms So… What do Spanish children do?
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Guatemalan Children Tested in the same way… Initially adhere to the English setting – 30ms So what gives? Are Spanish kids somehow at a disadvantage?
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What does it mean? Initially taken as evidence for Nativism: -The 30ms boundary is an innate part of our linguistic endowment. BUT…
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Kuhl & Miller, 1976 Found that Chinchilla’s also have a +30ms boundary…
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So what does it mean? Be careful with your logic
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