1. PLANTS review Chapters 29, 30, 38 Bryophytes & Pteridophytes Gymnosperms & Angiosperms Angiosperm Reproduction

2. BRYOPHYTES gametophyte
One of the four main types of land plants that contains mosses and lacks vascular tissue
BRYOPHYTES
Which is the dominant stage in the life cycle of this group?
sporophyte gametophyte
gametophyte

3. One of the four main types of land plants that contains ferns and has vascular tissue
Pteridophytes
Which is the dominant stage in the life cycle of this group?
sporophyte gametophyte
sporophyte

4. Which is the dominant stage in the life cycle of this group?
One of the four main types of land plants that contains flowering plants and possess vascular tissue
Angiosperms
Which is the dominant stage in the life cycle of this group?
sporophyte gametophyte
sporophyte

5. Which is the dominant stage in the life cycle of this group?
One of the four main types of land plants that contains the conifers, have “naked” seeds, and vascular tissue
Gymnosperms
Which is the dominant stage in the life cycle of this group?
sporophyte gametophyte
sporophyte

6. The mutualistic association of plant roots and fungi
mycorrhizae
90% of all plant species today are in which group?
Angiosperms (flowering plants)

7. Green algae (Charophytes)
Evidence suggests that land plants evolved from which group of protists 500 million years ago?
Green algae (Charophytes)

8. What evidence suggests that land plants evolved from green algae 500 million years ago?
Both produce cellulose for cell walls
in same unique way
Both only groups with peroxisomes (to reduce effects of photorespiration)
Similar sperm structure
Make cell plates during mitosis is similar way
Nuclear and chloroplast DNA closely related

9. If a plant is “nonvascular” it means it doesn’t have _____________
xylem or phloem
The female gametangia in plants is called the __________
archegonia antheridia
archegonia

10. All land plants have a life cycle that consists of two multicellular stage called
ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS
Another key feature of plants is the production of gametes in multicellular organs called
gametangia

11. The gametophyte stage is __________ haploid
haploid diploid
haploid
The male gametangia in plants is called the __________
archegonia antheridia
antheridia

12. What advantages did becoming terrestrial provide plants?
The zygote produced by fusion of sperm and egg is ________ haploid diploid
diploid
What advantages did becoming terrestrial provide plants?
Increased sunlight (unfiltered by water)
More carbon dioxide in air than water soils rich in nutrients fewer predators

13. The sporophyte stage is __________ diploid
haploid diploid
diploid
What challenges did plants face when they became terrestrial?
Lack of water, dessication, lack of structural support against gravity

14. The sporophyte divides using _________to produce spores. meiosis
mitosis meiosis
meiosis
The antheridia in the gametophyte produces____________
Multiple sperm

15. The archegonia in a gametophyte produces _____________ a single egg
The gametophyte divides using _________to produce gametes.
mitosis meiosis
mitosis
The archegonia in a gametophyte produces _____________
a single egg

16. Which plant group requires water for their sperm to swim to the egg?
All seedless plants Bryophytes & Pteridophytes
Structures in the sporophyte stage where meiosis occurs to produce spores
sporangia

17. Spores produced by plants are ____________ haploid
haploid diploid
haploid
The megasporagium, megaspore, and protective tissue around them make an _________
ovule

18. What are the 5 crucial adaptations that led to the success of seed plants?
Reduced gametophytes
(protects antheridia/archegonia)
Heterospory (2 types of spores)
Ovules (protect egg/developing zygote)
Pollen (no need for water)
Seeds

19. Megaspores produce ______________
Female gametophytes
The production of TWO types of spores seen in seed plants is called ___________
heterospory

20. Microspores produce ______________
male gametophytes
A pollen grain contains ____________
2 sperm nuclei

21. Identify the following flower parts3
stigma 7
stamen
Carpel 4 1
Anther
style 5
filament
ovary 2 6 10
petal 8
sepal 9
ovule

22. What advantages do seeds have compared to spores?
In angiosperms and gymnosperms a male gametopyte
= a _______
Pollen grain
What advantages do seeds have compared to spores?
Seeds are multicellular with several layers of tissue protecting embryo
Seeds have supply of stored energy so embryo can wait for good germination conditions and use stored energy for early growth

23. Plants with “naked” seeds are called __________
Gymnosperms
In a flowering plant the mature ovaries are called _________
fruits

24. monocot Give an example of the above
Angiosperm that has one cotyledon in the seed, parallel leaf veination, scattered vascular tissue and flowering parts in multiples of threes
monocot
Give an example of the above
Corn, orchids, lilies, grasses

25. Give an example of the above Roses, peas, beans, oaks
Angiosperm that has two cotyledon in the seed, net leaf veination, vascular tissue in a ring and flowering parts in multiples of fours or fives
Eudicot (dicot)
Give an example of the above
Roses, peas, beans, oaks

26. Flowering plants are classified in the PHYLUM ______________
ANTHOPHYTA
The stamens with anthers are the _________ part of a flower.
male female
male

27. carpel
The ________ in a flower is made up of the stigma, style, and ovary.
haploid
Plant pollen is _________
haploid diploid

28. Gymnosperms have seeds often exposed on modified leaves called _________
cones
The carpel including the stigma and style is the _________ part of a flower.
male female
female

29. CONTRAST MONOCOTS & DICOTS
Number of cotyledons
in seed
Vein pattern
Flower parts in multiples of ?
Location of vascular tissue
Examples
two
one
parallel
net
Multiples of 4’s & 5’s
Multiples of 3’s
scattered
In ring
Corn, orchids, lilies, grasses
Peas, beans, roses, oaks

30. Mosses, hornworts, and liverworts belong in which group of plants?
Bryophytes (nonvascular plants)
As plants evolved from algae to angiosperms which generation increases in dominance?
sporophyte

31. Ferns, horsetails, club mosses belong in which group of plants?
Most angiosperms are _____________ meaning they have both male and female parts on the same flower.
monoecious
Ferns, horsetails, club mosses belong in which group of plants?
Pterophytes

32. Ginko, cycads, Ephedra, and conifers belong in which group of plants?
Gymnosperms
Plants with male and female flowers on separate plants are called _____________
dioecious

33. Flowering plants belong in which group of plants?
Angiosperms
How do monoecious plants prevent self pollination?
Male and female parts may be physically separated (anthers/stigma at different heights) or mature at different times.

34. Double fertilization is only seen in which group of plants?
Angiosperms
Seed leaves are called _____________
cotyledons

35. CONTRAST PLANT REPRODUCTION
Bryophytes
Pteridophytes
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Example
Dominant generation
Alternate generation
How sperm move
Relationship of gametophyte & sporophyte
Mosses
Ferns
Ginko, conifers
Flowering plants
gametophyte
sporophyte (tree)
sporophyte
sporophyte
gametophyte (small)
gametophyte (pollen/ovule)
gametophyte (pollen, ovary)
sporophyte
Requires water to swim
Requires water to swim
Wind, insects carry pollen
Wind, animals carry pollen
Sporophyte grows out of female
archegonium
of gametophyte;
receives nourishment; independent at maturity
Gametophyte reduced in size;
relies on sporophyte for protection and nourishment
Sporophyte grows on top of & provided nourishment by female gametophyte
Gametophyte
reduced in size; relies on sporophyte for protection and nourishment

36. Many angiosperms and their pollinators show which pattern of evolution?
coevolution 3
Endosperm is __ n

37. embryos Vascular tissue seeds flowers
Match the derived characters with the correct branch points in the diagram
Flowers
Embryos
Seeds
Vascular tissue
embryos
7. _______________________
8. _______________________
9. ________________________
10. _______________________
Vascular tissue
seeds
flowers
From:Campbell and Reece Chap 30 Self quiz

38. Flowers that have both male and female parts are called ____________
monoecious
Tell what happens to the 2 sperm nuclei in double fertilization
One sperm fertilizes the egg and becomes the embryo; the 2nd sperm nuclei fertilizes 2 polar bodies and becomes the endosperm

39. Plants that produce flowers that have either male or female parts, but not both are called _____________
dioecious
fruits
Mature ovaries = __________

40. In angiosperms diploid cells in pollen sacs (microsporangia) undergo ________ to make haploid microspores mitosis meiosis
meiosis
In angiosperm reproduction, the male gametophyte = _________
Pollen grain

41. In an angiosperm seed the
embryonic root is called the __________
radicle
In angiosperm reproduction, seeds grow into __________
gametophytes sporophytes
sporophytes

42. In angiosperms diploid cells in pollen sacs (microsporangia) undergo meiosis to make haploid _________________
microspores
In angiosperm reproduction, the female gametophyte = _________
Embryo sac

43. In angiosperms diploid cells in ovules undergo meiosis to make 4 haploid _________________
megaspores
In angiosperms, the ovule develops into the _______ and the ovary develops into the __________
seed
fruit

44. The transfer of pollen from the anther of a flower on one plant to the stigma of a flower on another plant is called _____________
pollination
The shoot tip with miniature leaves attached inside a seed is called the _________
epicotyl

45. Tell some mechanisms that prevent plants from self pollinating
Dioecious flowers- pollen making and egg making
flowers are on separate plants
Monoecious flowers- male and female parts are physically separated by height or mature at different times
Molecular barriers-biochemical block prevents
pollen from same plant from developing pollen tube and fertilizing own egg