1. Chapter 16 Citizenship and the Law
American Civics
4/8/2017
Chapter 16 Citizenship and the Law
Section 1: Crime in the United States
Section 2: The Criminal Justice System
Section 3: Juvenile Crime
Chapter 16

2. Section 1: Crime in the United States
The Main Idea
When a person breaks a law, it is called a crime. There are several types of crimes and a variety of reasons why people commit crimes.
Reading Focus
What are five different types of crime?
What are four possible causes of crime?
How do we fight crime in the United States?

3. Crimes against persons:
Section 1: Crime in the United States
Crimes against persons:
Violent crimes—homicide, hate crimes, aggravated assault, or forcible rape

4. Crime against property:
Section 1: Crime in the United States
Crime against property:
The majority of crimes
Involves stealing or destroying property—petty larceny, grand larceny, vandalism, or arson
Robbery involves property and persons.

5. Different types of crime:
Section 1: Crime in the United States
Different types of crime:
Homicide, aggravated assault, forcible rape, larceny, vandalism, arson, robbery
Hate crimes—violent crimes committed because of prejudice
Victimless—gambling and sale, possession, and use of illegal drugs
White collar—committed by people in their work; stealing, embezzlement, and fraud
Organized—a crime syndicate of career criminals; provides illegal goods and services; uses violence as a tool

6. Hate Crimes [02:49]

7. Causes of crime: Section 1: Crime in the United States Poverty
Illegal drug use
Permissive society
Urbanization

8. Fighting crime: Section 1: Crime in the United States
1994—National crime bill includes tougher sentences and grants for police officers and new jails.
Crime prevention education is taught in some schools.

9. SECTION 1
Question: What are the different types of crime?
Types of Crime
victimless crimes
organized crimes
white-collar crimes

10. Section 2: The Criminal Justice System
The Main Idea
Police officers arrest people believed to be breaking the law. An accused person must be tried and, if found guilty, punished.
Reading Focus
What is the role of police officers in the criminal justice system?
What is the function of the courts after a suspect has been arrested?
How does our corrections system punish lawbreakers?

11. Police Officers Section 2: The Criminal Justice System
Protect life and property, prevent crime, and arrest violators
Protect individual rights, maintain peace, and control traffic
Act as peacemakers, advisers, protectors, and community members

12. Police Officers (continued)
Section 2: The Criminal Justice System
Police Officers (continued)
Education, background check, aptitude tests, physical and psychological exams are required.
Academies teach law, community relations, gathering evidence, arrest procedures, records keeping, first aid, weapon use, and other physical skills.

13. After a suspect is arrested:
Section 2: The Criminal Justice System
After a suspect is arrested:
Suspect is entitled to due process before questioning.
Preliminary hearing—evidence evaluated and charges dropped or trial is set; bail set
Indictment—a formal charge is made
Arraignment—suspect makes a plea before a judge
Trial—defendant is presumed innocent; a judge presides and a jury deliberates the case presented by the prosecution and the defense
Sentencing—judge decides the punishment; some states have mandatory sentences for certain crimes

14. Consequences [01:14]

15. Punishing lawbreakers:
Section 2: The Criminal Justice System
Punishing lawbreakers:
Fines
Imprisonment (People hold different views of its purpose: retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, or social protection.)
Parole (Early release based on good behavior; overcrowding has forced paroles.)
Capital punishment (Opponents believe it violates the Eighth Amendment; it remains controversial.)

16. What happens after a suspect is arrested?
SECTION 2
Question:
What happens after a suspect is arrested?
Suspect is arrested
Suspect is booked
Preliminary hearing
Sentenced
Trial
Arraignment
Indictment

17. Teens and Consequences [01:44]

18. Section 3: Juvenile Crime
The Main Idea
Most states prefer to handle juvenile, or young, criminals differently than adult criminals, but for some crimes this practice is changing.
Reading Focus
What is juvenile crime?
What are some possible causes of juvenile crime?
How does the judicial system handle juveniles who break the law?
What are some ways to avoid trouble with the law?
Juvenile Court [02:22]

19. Possible causes of juvenile crime:
Section 3: Juvenile Crime
Possible causes of juvenile crime:
Poor home conditions
Poor neighborhood conditions
Gang membership
Dropping out of school and unemployment
Alcohol and drugs
Peer pressure

20. Juvenile Rights [03:20]

21. The judicial system has changed the way it handles juveniles:
Section 3: Juvenile Crime
The judicial system has changed the way it handles juveniles:
Prior to late 1800s—Juveniles at least seven years old were tried in adult courts and sentenced to prison or death.
1870s—Reformers argued juveniles required special understanding.
Juvenile court system was set up to re-educate offenders.

22. Section 3: Juvenile Crime
The judicial system has changed the way it handles juveniles: (continued)
Hearings determine guilt or innocence of juvenile offenders.
1967—Supreme Court granted juveniles the right of due process.
Juveniles do not have the right to a jury trial.

23. Juvenile Detention Center [01:06]

24. Juveniles charged and found guilty
Section 3: Juvenile Crime
Juveniles charged and found guilty
may be placed in a foster home.
may be sent to a corrections facility like a training school.
may be given probation.
may be sent to a boot camp.
Juveniles charged with felonies are often tried in adult courts and punished accordingly.

25. SECTION 3
Question:
What happens when juveniles are charged and found guilty of breaking the law?
juvenile correctional facility
probation
Juvenile Punishment Options
boot camp
placement in a training school

26. Chapter 16 Wrap-Up
1. Identify and describe specific examples of five categories of crime.
2. What are some causes of crime?
3. What steps does a criminal suspect go through from the time of arrest to the time of sentencing?
4. What are the punishments that a convicted criminal faces?
5. What are the possible causes of juvenile delinquency?
6. What may a judge do if he or she finds a juvenile guilty of a crime?