1. mi.ttu.ee USAGE OF ESTONIAN OIL SHALE Enno Reinsalu Ingo Valgma Tallinn University of Technology, Department of Mining Erik Väli Estonian Oil Shale Mining Company Eesti Põlevkivi

2. mi.ttu.ee Sept 16 2007MAEGS15- OIL SHALE USAGE- Ingo Valgma 2 There are two types of oil shale in Estonia Dictyonema argillite (siltstone or black shale): –Content of organic matter 6…15 % –Mo, V and U content 100…1200 g/t Kukersite (oil shale): –Kerogen (organic matter) content 20…55 % –Calorific value 7…19 MJ/kg –No heavy metals

3. mi.ttu.ee Sept 16 2007MAEGS15- OIL SHALE USAGE- Ingo Valgma 3 Dictyonema argillite

4. mi.ttu.ee Sept 16 2007MAEGS15- OIL SHALE USAGE- Ingo Valgma 4 Kukersite

5. mi.ttu.ee Sept 16 2007MAEGS15- OIL SHALE USAGE- Ingo Valgma 5 Dictyonema argillite was mined … in town Sillamäe 1949…1952 as uranium ore.

6. mi.ttu.ee Sept 16 2007MAEGS15- OIL SHALE USAGE- Ingo Valgma 6 Kukersite is mined today

7. mi.ttu.ee Sept 16 2007MAEGS15- OIL SHALE USAGE- Ingo Valgma 7 Oil resource

8. mi.ttu.ee Sept 16 2007MAEGS15- OIL SHALE USAGE- Ingo Valgma 8 Energy rating of oil shale, GJ/m 2

9. mi.ttu.ee Sept 16 2007MAEGS15- OIL SHALE USAGE- Ingo Valgma 9 Oil shale mining

10. mi.ttu.ee Sept 16 2007MAEGS15- OIL SHALE USAGE- Ingo Valgma 10 Data of Estonian oil shale deposit

11. mi.ttu.ee Sept 16 2007MAEGS15- OIL SHALE USAGE- Ingo Valgma 11 Oil shale mining Started in 1916, opencast method Room-and-pillar underground mining started 1922 1971…2001 longwall mining with shearers 10 surface mines 13 underground mines have been in operation. New mining operations – increase in oil shale processing or cement production

12. mi.ttu.ee Sept 16 2007MAEGS15- OIL SHALE USAGE- Ingo Valgma 12 Thickness

13. mi.ttu.ee Sept 16 2007MAEGS15- OIL SHALE USAGE- Ingo Valgma 13 Oil shale resource

14. mi.ttu.ee Sept 16 2007MAEGS15- OIL SHALE USAGE- Ingo Valgma 14 Oil resource

15. mi.ttu.ee Sept 16 2007MAEGS15- OIL SHALE USAGE- Ingo Valgma 15 Surface mining Narva open cast

16. mi.ttu.ee Sept 16 2007MAEGS15- OIL SHALE USAGE- Ingo Valgma 16 Underground mining Heiki Bauert Estonia mine

17. mi.ttu.ee Sept 16 2007MAEGS15- OIL SHALE USAGE- Ingo Valgma 17 Conditions of mineability Layers A…F as mineable bed Energy rating of bed 25…35 GJ/m 2 Surface mining, if overburden < 25..30 m Absence of environmental protection areas

18. mi.ttu.ee Sept 16 2007MAEGS15- OIL SHALE USAGE- Ingo Valgma 18 Composition of oil shale as fuel

19. mi.ttu.ee Sept 16 2007MAEGS15- OIL SHALE USAGE- Ingo Valgma 19 Energy and oil content Calorific value and oil yield of oil shale are proportional to kerogen content Calorific value of Kerogen’s is 35±3 MJ/kg therefore Q = 35 K, MJ/kg where K is kerogen share (100% = 1) Oil yield formula is T = 65,5 K = 1,86 Q %.

20. mi.ttu.ee Sept 16 2007MAEGS15- OIL SHALE USAGE- Ingo Valgma 20 Weight of oil shale Weight of dry oil shale depends on the ratio of kerogen, lime and clay minerals. It correlates to calorific value and ranges from 1,22 to 1,72 t/m³ Weight of limestone, accompanying oil shale, is from 2,1 to 2,45 t/m³

21. mi.ttu.ee Sept 16 2007MAEGS15- OIL SHALE USAGE- Ingo Valgma 21 An example - sheet of mineability calculations

22. mi.ttu.ee Sept 16 2007MAEGS15- OIL SHALE USAGE- Ingo Valgma 22 Separation sheet (Estonia mine)

23. mi.ttu.ee Sept 16 2007MAEGS15- OIL SHALE USAGE- Ingo Valgma 23 Oil shale oil processing devises

24. mi.ttu.ee Sept 16 2007MAEGS15- OIL SHALE USAGE- Ingo Valgma 24 Oil shale combusting devises Balti Power Plant Eesti Power Plant

25. mi.ttu.ee Sept 16 2007MAEGS15- OIL SHALE USAGE- Ingo Valgma 25 Efficiency of oil shale usage  = k - l / Q, where: Q - Calorific value, MJ/kg k - the marginal efficiency in a given, achieved using highest quality raw material, % l - the equation parameter, MJ/kg, as related to the minimum raw material quality l = k Q min.

26. mi.ttu.ee Sept 16 2007MAEGS15- OIL SHALE USAGE- Ingo Valgma 26 Oil shale based building materials Oil shale ash is a valuable mineral-rich raw material - used in the construction industry and farming

27. mi.ttu.ee Sept 16 2007MAEGS15- OIL SHALE USAGE- Ingo Valgma 27 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! Enno Reinsalu ere@cc.ttu.eeere@cc.ttu.ee Ingo Valgma ingo.valgma@ttu.eeingo.valgma@ttu.ee Erik Väli erik.vali@ep.eeerik.vali@ep.ee