1. Chapter 3 Test Review Sheet

2. #1 What functional groups are these: -OH -COOH -C=O -NH2 -OPO3-
ANSWER: hydroxyl carboxyl carbonyl amino
phosphate

3. #1 (cont.) What functional groups are these?
-SH C=O (and end) C=O (within)
Sulfhydryl aldehyde ketone

4. #2 What are the monomers of these polymers?
Proteins nucleic acids carbos lipids
ANSWER:
Amino acids nucleotides monosaccharides glycerol + 3 fatty acids

5. #3
How can you tell the difference between a saturated fat, a monounsaturated fat, and a polyunsaturated fat when shown the chemical structure?
ANSWER: saturated fat has all single bonds, unsaturated fat has at least one double bond, polyunsaturated fat has 2 or more double bonds

6. #4 How are isomers related?
ANSWER: isomer=same atomic structure but different orientation

7. #5
Contrast dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis: Purpose? How alike? How different?
ANSWER: Dehydration synthesis-takes out water to join monomers
Hydrolysis-adds water to split polymers

8. #6 What suffix do sugars end in? Examples ANSWER: -ose
Monosaccharide – glucose, fructose
Disaccharide – sucrose, maltose
Polysaccharide – starch, glycogen

9. #7 How is glycogen different than starch? How are they alike?
ANSWER: glycogen is formed in animals and starch is formed in plants; they both are polysaccharides of glucose

10. #8 How is a positive test done for each? Glucose starch fats protein
ANSWER:
Glucose- Benedicts blue to orange-red
Starch-iodine yellow to blue-black
Fats-translucent brown paper
Protein- Biuret blue to lavender

11. #9
What is the purpose of cellulose? Type of carbo?
ANSWER: fiber
polysaccharide

12. #10
What does hydrophilic and hydrophobic mean? Which best describes fats?
ANSWER: hydrophilic (does dissolve in water) and hydrophobic (does not dissolve in water) FATS ARE HYDROPHOBIC
-methyl group –CH3 is hydrophobic

13. #11
Polypeptide and amino acid chains are synonyms for what macromolecule?
ANSWER: protein

14. #12 ANSWER: monosaccharide = 1 ring Disaccharide = 2 rings
How could you tell the difference between a monosaccharide and a disaccharide if shown the chemical structure?
ANSWER: monosaccharide = 1 ring
Disaccharide = 2 rings

15. #13 How does a steroid look different chemically than other lipids?
ANSWER: 4 rings

16. #14
What are the parts of a triglyceride? How many water molecules are formed from the formation of it?
ANSWER: 3 fatty acids + a glycerol
Three water molecules form when they join.

17. #15
Rectangle around polar end
Circle around nonpolar end

18. #15
Rectangle around polar end
Circle around nonpolar end

19. #16 Identify the following as C-carbohydrate P-protein
L-lipid NA-nucleic acid
_____DNA _____glucose
_____steroid
_____phospholipid

20. #16 Identify the following as C-carbohydrate P-protein
L-lipid NA-nucleic acid
NA DNA C glucose
L steroid
L phospholipid

21. #16 Identify the following as C-carbohydrate P-protein
L-lipid NA-nucleic acid
_____wax
_____starch
_____ATP
_____RNA

22. #16 Identify the following as C-carbohydrate P-protein
L-lipid NA-nucleic acid
L wax
C starch
none of above ATP
NA RNA

23. #16 Identify the following as C-carbohydrate P-protein
L-lipid NA-nucleic acid
_____sucrose
_____enzymes
_____fructose
_____triglyceride

24. #16 Identify the following as C-carbohydrate P-protein
L-lipid NA-nucleic acid
C sucrose
P enzymes
C fructose
L triglyceride

25. #16 Identify the following as C-carbohydrate P-protein
L-lipid NA-nucleic acid
_____ethanol
_____formaldehyde
_____cholesterol
_____egg white

26. #16 Identify the following as C-carbohydrate P-protein
L-lipid NA-nucleic acid
C ethanol
C formaldehyde
L cholesterol
P egg white

27. #17 How can you tell carbohydrates and lipids apart? Carbohydrates H:O
2:1
Lipids –greater than 2:1

28. #18
What is the functional group found in alcohols? What suffix denotes an alcohol?
-OH
-ol such as ethanol, butanol

29. #19
How many different amino acids are there?
ANSWER: 20

30. #19 (cont.)
How are all amino acids alike?

31. #19 cont.
How are amino acids different?

32. #20 What does a peptide bond connect? (what functional groups)
ANSWER: amino acids
Peptide bonds are covalent

33. #21 What is denaturation. To which macromolecule does it refer?
ANSWER: Polypeptide chain unravels, losing their shape, and losing their function

34. #22 What type of bonds form at each level: A. between amino acids
ANSWER: peptides (covalent)
B. to cause coiling or pleating
ANSWER: H-bonds

35. #22 (cont.) C. between cysteine and cysteine in tertiary
ANSWER: -disulfide bridges
D. between H-in OH and O in –COOH (tertiary)
ANSWER: H-bonding

36. #22 (cont) Between –NH3+ and O in ionized form of carboxyl group
ANSWER: ionic bond

37. #23
What are the two possible shapes of proteins in the secondary level?
What are the two basic shapes of proteins in the quaternary level?
ANSWER: SECONDARY: alpha helix or beta pleated sheets
QUATERNARY: fibrous and globular

38. #24
What element besides C-H-O will you find in proteins? What functional group is this?
ANSWER: N (nitrogen)
-amino group –NH2

39. #25
Main parts of nucleotide? What elements?
CHONP

40. #26
RECOGNIZE ORGANIC MOLECULES FLASH CARDS AND QUETIONS

41. EXTENDED RESPONSE
How do the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of proteins differ?
ANSWER: primary-sequence of AA
Secondary-helix or pleated sheets
Tertiary-folds in on itself
Quaternary-folded together two or more subunits

42. Refer to your handout of the Primary-Secondary-Tertiary-Quaternary Levels