1. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk1 Forward detector overview Si-FMD (Forward Multiplicity Detector) NBI+INR oSi-strip Ring counters (5) with >50.000 channels o-5.1<  < -1.7; 1.7<  < 3.4 oPrecise off-line charged particle multiplicity for A+A, p+p oFluctuations event-by-event, flow analysis V0 (Centrality and collision vertex) Lyon+Mexico o2 arrays of plastic scintillator tiles w. fiber+PMT o-5.1<  < -2.5; 1.7<  < 3.8 oMain LVL0 MinBias for p+p and A+A and centrality trigger A+A oBackground rejection T0 (Beam-Beam Detector) Jyvæskyla + MEPhI, INR, Budker, Kurchatov (presented by W. Trzaska) o2 arrays of 12 Cerenkov radiators + PM tubes o-5<  < -4.5; 2.9<  < 3.3 oFast timing LVL0 signal (  =50ps), online vertex determination oMain time reference and backup for MinBias trigger

2. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk2 Forward detectors T0 R 2.9 < |  | < 3.3 T 0 for the TOF (< 50 ps time res.) Two arrays of 12 quartz counters. Also backup to V0 SI-FMD Multiplicity and dn/d  1.7 <  < 3.4 and -5.1 <  < -1.7 Silicon strip detector disks (slow readout) V0 1.7 < |  < 3.8 and –5.1 < |  | < -2.5 Interaction trigger, centrality trigger and beam- gas rejection. Two arrays of 72 scintillator tiles readout via fibers T0 L PMD pre-shower det.

3. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk3 Summary of Progress since Compr. Review 2002 oIntegration oVacuum chamber dim. settled, Be-pipe. oOverall placement and mounting scheme decided near IP oLeft side detectors grouped with PMD, details to be settled. oITS services and cables a problem (background) oSi-FMD oGeometry, segmentation, FEE+BEE->DAQ scheme proposed oMechanical prototyping, FEE prototyping ongoing oT0 oRealistic T0 model constructed, Rad+PM decided oElectronics prototype development ongoing (CFD, T0). oV0 oBaseline design and layout settled oLight collection tests ongoing oTDR oStrategy decided; aim at TDR after summer 2003.

4. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk4 Integration in ALICE Si-1 Si-2 Si-3 V0-R T0-R

5. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk5 CERN Maquette 1:1 Si1 (inner)Si1(outer) V0-R T0-R Absorber ITS-pixels

6. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk6 Si-FMD  5 Si-strip rings segmented into 50.000 channels  Rapidity coverage from ITS (1.7) to 5.1.  Segmentation sufficient for ‘Poisson’ analysis Main Off-line charged particle multiplicity studies Average multiplicity (entropy, stopping) Fluctuations (phase transitions) Flow (termalisation, hydrodynamics) Si3 Si2 Si1

7. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk7 Mechanical Installation

8. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk8 Si1 mechanics model 1:1 Si detectors Support plate Digitizer card Beam pipe support ring Outer ring still missing

9. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk9 Left Side: Si2 & Si3 Details of mounting to be finalized

10. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk10 Si rings manufactured of 6” wafers 512 Inner: Rin=4.2 cm Rout=17.2 cm Outer: Rin=15.4 cm Rout=28.4 cm 10x2x512=10240 20x2x256=10240 256 Possible suppliers: Micron, UK Hamamatsu, JP

11. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk11 Coverage in pseudorapidity Constraints: Vacuum tube outer envelope: 42 mm, Outer radius, ITS, Absorber, cables Background from secondaries(small angles) Design criteria: Largest possible  coverage Largest symmetry left and right Overlap between systems Si1: Out: 1.70<  <2.29 In: 2.01<  <3.40 Si2: Out: -2.29<  <-1.7 In: -3.68<  <-2.28 Si3: In: -5.09<  <-3.68 Vertex shift (10cm): |d  |  0.1 

12. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk12 Charged particle occupancy including secondaries 20  sectors 512 strips each 10240 channels 20  sectors 512 strips each 10240 channels 40  sectors 256 strips each 10240 channels Have increased number of strips by factor of 2 using ’128 ch VA-prime’ PA chip at practically same cost => average occupancy <1 for most strips! x 2

13. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk13 Multiplicity resolution

14. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk14 Primaries/(Prim+Second) Si3 Si2in Si2-outSi1-in Si1-out

15. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk15 Reconstructed multiplicity. Average and width Background Subtracted All hits reconstructed  1.7  3.4

16. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk16 Simulations of background from ITS services, cables etc.. Under investigation. Will contribute with additional. Background.

17. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk17 Hybrid with Viking PA chips VA preamp+shaper: 128 ch Connector(s) for power, control, read-out Other components Hybrid cards contain:  FE–Preampl. chips  Bias voltages distribution  Gate/strobe distribution  Read-out clock distribution  Detector bias connection Si detector

18. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk18 Front end electronics REQUIREMENTS: Adapted for 5-25pF capacitance (300  m Si, 0.5 cm2: 25pF, 1MIP: 22.400 e-) Dynamic range: 0-20 MIPS Radiation hardness: >200kRad Peaking time: 1-2  s Low noise (good S/N) High integration Sample/hold and serial read- out, 10 MHz clock Moderate power consumption Simple slow controls and power reg. Affordable cost VA1 prime 2 (Viking-IDEAS): Input capacitance: < 30 pF 0-20 MIPs >1MRad (0.35  m tech.) 1-3  s 475 e- at 25 pF => S/N 20:1 128 10 Mhz clock 1.3 mW/ch Test system available OK

19. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk19 FMD RO strategy FMD Segment ON DETECTOR Digital serial links (15-20 m) Digital serial links (15-20 m) Trigger & Slow Ctrl IN CAVERN IN COUNTING ROOM Slow control & Trigger Slow control & Trigger Detector Data Link (50-60 m) Detector Data Link (50-60 m) FMD RCU VA 1 ring: 10/20 segments 2 Digitizers 1 RCU per side 1 DDL per side Full FMD: 70 segments 10 Digitizers 2 RCU’s 2 DDL’s FMD Read-Out and Control Electronics Analog serial link (10 MHz)  0.5 m Analog serial link (10 MHz)  0.5 m VA read-out control VA read-out control Local Controller DDL - INT Slow-Control Interface TTC-RX BOARD CTRL Data receiver FMD Digitizer ALTRO CTRL Read-out CTRL CTRL BSN, 21 Nov 2002

20. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk20 FMD FEE test setup BSN, 21 Nov 2002 FMD FEE test CTRL Power Biases Power Biases Clock 10 MHz Clock 10 MHz Trig in ALTRO tester ALTRO CTRL Ext clock Ext trigger Si detector VA Labview DAQ

21. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk21 Si-PA-Dig proto tests ALTRO tester Si-strip detector + VA’’ preamp VA’’ read-out controller

22. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk22 Si-FMD electronics overview SI-FMD channel count Note: We have increased the number of strips, but use more integrated FE chips – red values are changed. Segments (wafers) Phi sectors Radial strips FE channels VA chips (128 ch/chip) ALTRO chips FMD Digitizers FMD RCU Si1 inner102051210,24080621 Si1 outer204025610,2408062 Si2 inner102051210,2408062 Si2 outer204025610,24080621 Si3102051210,2408062 Total system 7014051,20040030102

23. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk23 Slow Controls Follow main strategy DCS Detector CAEN ? PVSS II Preamps CAEN ? Ethernet Database(s) OPC client DIM client 14070 11 High Voltage Preamps User interface PVSS II HVLV FMD Control room (ACR) [FSM?] Crate Control PCI-CAN? CAEN OPCserver PVSS II OPS client PCI-CAN? CAEN OPCserver PVSS II OPC client DIMserver Digitizers FMD Digitizers PCI-CAN? ? PVSS II OPC client C 2 28/02/03 EE FMD-RCU (PCI? VME?) 20 LV P 2 DDL PCI-Profibus Ethernet is considered as alternative P? 10 300? 10 LVL 0 trig TTC Counting room Cavern In magnet

24. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk24 Heat dissipation oHeat dissipated by FE electronics of one Si detector ring: VA1’’ preamp chip (128 channels): 235 mW  80 chips = 19 W / ring Read-out electronics and power distribution:  5 W/ring Cooling: air flow between Si detector and support plate radiation from VA chips to support plate active (water) cooling of support plate? Detailed cooling studies (simulations of heat profile) need to be done.

25. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk25 Si-FMD timetable (1) AFRONT END (FE) READ OUT ELECTRONICSCompleted 1Demonstrate functionality of conceptual layout of FEE (Viking PA chip, control system, interface to ALTRO test board) April 1 2003 2Final choice of VA pre-ampl. chip. RO testJune 1, 2003 3Test FEE system coupled to sample Si detector. Source and electron beam tests. June 1, 2003 4Design, construction and test of prototype FMD digitizer card (FMDD), RO test with ’mini’ FMD-RCU October 1, 2003 5Full Si detector element + electronics chain RO with realistic RCU and DDL link to DAQ. June 1, 2004 BMECHANICS AND INTEGRATIONCompleted 1Full scale model manufactured (Si1)February 1, 2003 2Cabling and Cooling issues resolvedJune 1, 2003 3Full integration sequence decidedJune 1, 2003

26. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk26 Si-FMD timetable (2) C.SILICON DETECTORCompleted by 1Complete market surveyMay 1, 2003 2Define final specsJune 1, 2003 3Place order for prototype with industryJuly 1, 2003 4Delivery Si-wafer prototypeSeptember 1, 2003 5Start production of Si-hybrid FEE cardJune 1, 2003 6Delivery prototype hybridSeptember 1, 2003 7Si prototype test with FEE and BEE test RO setupDecember 1, 2003 8Place final order for Si with industryAugust 1, 2004 Pre-assembly test July-Nov 2004 Construction, assembly, test at RHIC 2005 Installation June-Sept 2006

27. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk27 V0 detector  Two segmented scintillator hodoscopes on either side of IP Minimum bias trigger: p-p and Pb-Pb Main on-line LVL0 centrality trigger: Pb-Pb Background filter for the dimuon spectrometer Two arm for beam-gas rejection Luminosity control Multiplicity measurement (high occupancy) V0-R Absorber

28. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk28 Two options for VO tiles  From the MIP through several V0 elements  Fast scintillator from BICRON (BC408) 425 nm maximum emission, 2.1 ns decay constant  Shifting fibers (Y11 from Kuraray) directly on PM XP2020 430 nm maximum absorption, 476 nm maximum emission  Light yield as a function of: glue or no glue for fixing the fibers (BC600) (-35% difference) Al/Teflon envelope on scintillator (factor 2 gain compared to TiO 2 paint) no reflector on fiber ends (-30% loss compared to Al or Teflon)  Time resolution with threshold discriminator: as a function of elements as a function of the collected light Mexico Megatiles Lyon Indiv. tiles

29. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk29 V0 Segmentation  V0-L and V0-R: 5 rings each  Rings 1-4: 30° sectors (12)  Ring 5: 15° sectors (24)  Rings 1-3 are in the dimuon arm acceptance Ring V0LV0R η max /η min  max /  min η max /η min  max /  min 1-5.1/-4.6 -0.7/- 1.2 3.8/3.42.6/3.8 2-4.6/4.2 -1.2/- 1.7 3.4/2.93.8/6.3 3-4.2/-3.7 -1.7/- 2.8 2.9/2.56.3/9.4 4-3.7/-3.2 -2.8/- 4.7 2.5/2.19.4/14.0 5-3.2/-2.8 -4.7/- 7.0 2.1/1.714.0/20.7

30. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk30 V0 Ligth collection test For 1 MIP:  Setup A: light yield: 14 p.e. ; time resolution (  ): 1.6 ns  Setup B Light yield: 34 p.e.; time resolution(  ): 1.2 ns AB WLS COF

31. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk31 Electronics CTP digitization MB trigger scintillator centrality triggers CTP

32. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk32 V0 Triggering  P + P at 7 TeV multiplicity distribution in 4  white: Pythia without transport  Events with at least 1 MIP light grey: Pythia in vacuum light and dark grey: Pythia in AliRoot  Production of secondaries improves the triggering efficiency  eff inel = 84% from V0L*V0R

33. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk33 Multiplicity in p+p  Multiplicity from Pythia + AliRoot 1000 events Signal in clear Signal + background in dark  Many secondaries due to the setup big effects in rings 1 left/right

34. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk34 Multiplicity in Pb+Pb  Multiplicity from Hijing + AliRoot 30 events with b = 0-11.2 fm  Line = pure signal  Points = signal + background circle: V0L square: V0R  Many secondaries due to the setup big effects in rings 1 left/right

35. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk35 V0 Timetable  Construction in 2004/2005 V0L by Mexico V0R by Lyon Electronics by Lyon  Pre assembly test- July- Nov ’04  Final system Commissionning → middle 2005  Installation june-nov ‘06  August ’03: Beam test at CERN  Increase light output to 60 p.e (thicker scintillator) to collect 20 p.e. on PM (thesh. At 10 p.e)  Test full quadrant  September ’03 Compare megatile and indiv tiles => choose unique design.  In depth work on electronics, trigger and RO scheme.

36. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk36 Si-FMD, TO,VO TDR time table. oFair amount of written material exists already (T0 100 pgs, Si-FMD 50 pgs, V0 20 pgs) oApril 15. Collect first detector chapters. oJune ’03. Editorial meeting. 1rst draft. oSpring ’03 Si-FMD electronics chain test. oJune ’03 T0 test beam oAugust ’03 V0 test beam oTDR

37. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk37 Techical Design Report Alice collab list. (5pgs) Summary of contents (2pgs) Table of contents. List of tables and figs.(4pgs) Color pictures of selected det. elements etc. (6pgs) 1. Physics objectives and design considerations T0, V0, Si-FMD trigger, timing, on-line mult, off-line mult, fluct, bgd rejection, overall performance, coverage etc...(10 pgs) 2. Design objectives, mechanical structure, Integration T0, V0, Si-FMD mounting, tolerances, clearances, inst. seq., cooling, cabling... (10pgs) 3. T0 (40 pgs) 4. V0 (40 pgs) 5. Si-FMD (40 pgs) 6. Installation, slow control, DAQ, safety. (10 pgs) 7. Organization(5 pgs) Group org., construction, installation, cost 8. References. (4pgs) 9. Index(2 pgs) (approx. 180 pgs)

38. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk38 Summary oFWD detectors will supply basic day 1 physics (LVL0 trigger, global reaction information) oFull RO chain defined oConcrete prototyping and industrial bids ongoing oProjects on track oTDR in 2003 oMain open issues: materials budget (bgd), cooling, alignment, analysis chain Si-FMD T0 V0

39. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk39 Extra’s

40. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/03 2003Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk40 Si-materials budget oMaterial type and thickness of one Si detector ring: LayerMaterialThickness Interaction length Radiation length Silicon detector Si0.3 mm0.6 · 10 -3 0.3 · 10 -2 Hybrid Al 2 O 3 0.5 mm2.0 · 10 -3 1.0 · 10 -2 FE electronics air + chips 10 mm (mostly air) Support Carbon fibre or aluminium honeycomb 2  0.5 mm C or Al + 10 mm air C: 2.6 · 10 -3 Al: 2.5 · 10 -3 C: 0.5 · 10 -2 Al: 1.1 · 10 -2 Total thickness of one Si ring: C: 5.2 · 10 -3 I 1.8 · 10 -2 X 0 Al: 5.1 · 10 -3 I 2.4 · 10 -2 X 0