1. Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall © Fronius Titanium – The heaviest light metal Dan Snitkovsky Uniweld Israel FRONIUS International GmbH Buxbaumstr. 2 4600 Wels

2. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall Titanium – The heaviest light metal Lithium - light metal 5g/cm³ 0,5g/cm³4,5g/cm³Heavy metal Titanium

3. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall TITANIUM, Part of the IVb group of the table of the elements (titanium, zirconium, hafnium) Vb group (Vanadium, niobium, tantalum )

4. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall Titanium Part of the IVb group of the table of the elements (titanium, zirconium, hafnium) Vb group (vanadium, niobium, tantalum )

5. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall Advantages Highest corrosion resistance Good oxidation resistance at < 600°C Low density High specific strength Excellent yield strength Outstanding biocompatibility Excellent decoration ability

6. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall Turbine engine construction

7. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall Application turbine

8. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall Implant in the dentistry

9. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall Implant, turbo charger, turbine industry

10. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall Lynx helicopter rotor

11. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall Defense industry

12. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall Attention: At more than 9% aluminium dangerous brittle intermetallic phases can be developed This is the reason that titanium is only available with max. 8% Al.

13. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall Attention: Not more than 0,1% O2 in titanium, otherwise: no corrosion resistance no weldability no more ductility

14. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall Attention: No H2 – enemy no. 1 !! Has to be less than 10 -3 (0,001%) otherwise Embrittlement Drops out HYDRIDE PHASE Solubility H2 at 300°C = 18 weight% Solubility H2 at RT only = 0,002 weight%

15. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall Attention: No N2 ! Embrittlement starts at 0,3 weight% Oxygen equivalentcontamination in (weight%) Q = (O2) + 2 (N2) + 2/3 (C) Hardness (HB) depends on (O2) : HB = 40 + 310  Q

16. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall Tensile strength: Unalloyed titanium has 290 up to 740N/mm²

17. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall Higher tensile strength is only achieved by alloying: Ti6Al4V unalloyed titanium other alloys

18. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall (  +  ) = standard alloy since 1940 in USA start of production for the first time in 1954 - „Pratt+Whitney / General Electric“ at turbines (3.7164) = Ti 6Al 4Vhas 900 bis 1300 N/mm² 90% 6% 4% At 300°C long term performance is OK, but turbines have to fulfill higher demands - more about that later

19. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall Selection of filler metal for welding Because of ductility choose always one grade/step „lower“ undermatched wire. Anyway the seam will be 50HB harder than the base material. Reason: unintentional amalgamation with O2/N2

20. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall Brazing:Most frequently silver-based Short dwell period required, otherwise phase- formation, for this reason small parts only. Brazing with: Ti 15Ni 15Cu (953° – 970°C) fair wetting behavior, but corrosion resistance is ok, furthermore the mechanical properties are better. Ti 48Zr 4Be (898° – 926°C) good wetting behavior, but worse brazing results for the rest As solder for titanium you may also use: Al 99,5 / AlMn / AlSi 12 Ca. 680° – 690°C

21. Electron beam welding Vacuom 10(-4) Torr © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall

22. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall

23. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall Titanium WIG – special arrangements

24. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall

25. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall Titanium WIG – special arrangements

26. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall

27. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall

28. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall

29. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall

30. Orbital welds © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall

31. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall

32. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall Titanium MIG – special arrangements

33. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall Titanium MIG – special arrangements Teflon innerliner top wire feeding properties Non-sensitive to high temperatures less abrasion in the innerliner Teflon drive rolls - because titanium is very soft and sensitive regarding feeding and contamination

34. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall Titanium MIG – special arrangements

35. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall

36. © Fronius RCU 5000i Remote Control Unit

37. © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall

38. PERFECT WELDING © Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall