Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Geologic Time Scale.

Published byRebekah Privett Modified over 9 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Geologic Time Scale."— Presentation transcript:

1 Geologic Time Scale

2 Scientific Method Raise question Gather data

3 Scientific Method Raise question Gather data Form hypothesis
Test and modify hypothesis

4 Peer-Reviewed Journals

5 Science “Magazines”

6 Scientific Method Scientific Theory Scientific Law
“Le château des Pyrénées” (Castle in the Pyrenees) (1961)

7

8 “Stuff” of the Universe
The Raw Materials for Planets, Rocks and Life

9 Matter & Energy

10 Phases of Matter Determined by temperature and pressure Gas Solid
Liquid

11

12 Rock

13 Compounds (Minerals, Organic Compounds)
Atomic Particles Atoms (Elements) Compounds (Minerals, Organic Compounds) Rocks Living Things Earth Biosphere

14 Atomic Structure What are atoms made of?
Particle Charge Weight (amu) Proton (p) + 1 Electron (e) - ~0 Neutron (n)

15 Atomic Structure

16 Atomic Number = Number of Protons
Importance of Protons Atomic Number = Number of Protons

17 Elements Carbon Iron Gold

18 Periodic Table of the Elements

19 The most abundant element in the universe:
Hydrogen Large Magellanic Cloud

20 Abundance of the Elements (wt. %): Solid Earth
Crust Whole Earth Oxygen(O) 46.3 % 29.5% Silicon (Si) 28.2% 15.2% Aluminum (Al) 8.2% 1.1% Iron (Fe) 5.6% 34.6% Calcium (Ca) 4.1% 1.1% Sodium (Na) 2.4% 0.6% Potassium (K) 2.1% 0.1% Magnesium (Mg) 2.3% 12.7% All others 0.5% 5.1%

21 Abundance of the Elements (wt.%): Living Things
Human Alfalfa Bacteria Oxygen(O) 62.8% 77.9% 73.7% Carbon (C) 19.4% 11.3% 12.1% Hydrogen (H) 9.3% 8.7% 9.9% Nitrogen (N) 5.1% 0.8% 3.0% Phosphorous (P) 0.6% 0.7% 0.6% Sulfur (S) 0.6% 0.1% 0.3%

22 Atomic Weight = number of protons + neutrons
Importance of Neutrons Atomic Weight = number of protons + neutrons

23 Quiz - Lithium 3 7 Atomic Number = Atomic Weight =

24 Isotopes

25 Atoms vs. Ions Importance of Electrons X Charge = 0
(atomic weight = 23) X Charge = 0

26 Positive Ions Importance of Electrons Sodium Ion Charge = +1 10e
(atomic weight = 23) Charge = +1

27 Ions Importance of Electrons Chlorine Charge = 0 9e
(atomic number = 9) (atomic weight = 18) 9p 9n Charge = 0

28 Negative Ions Importance of Electrons Chlorine Ion Charge = -1 10e
(atomic number = 9) (atomic weight = 18) 9p 9n Charge = -1

29 Compounds (Minerals, Organic Compounds)
Atomic Particles Atoms (Elements) Compounds (Minerals, Organic Compounds) Rocks Living Things Earth Biosphere

30 Determine how atoms bond to form Compounds
Importance of Electrons Determine how atoms bond to form Compounds

31 Organic Compounds Carbon is found in all organic compounds

32 Minerals - Inorganic Compounds

33 Minerals and Crystalline Structure

34 Graphite

35 Compounds (Minerals, Organic Compounds)
Atomic Particles Atoms (Elements) Compounds (Minerals, Organic Compounds) Rocks Living Things Earth Biosphere

36 Energy Types Kinetic Mechanical Electromagnetic Electricity Heat
Sun - Tuesday, April 4, 2006 Types Kinetic Mechanical Electromagnetic Electricity Heat Potential Chemical

37 Electromagnetic Spectrum

38 Low Quality High Quality
Energy: Quality Low Quality High Quality (disorganized concentrated)

39 Rules of the Universe Conservation of Matter
1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics (Degradation of Energy) “You can’t thrown anything away” “You can’t get something for nothing” “In fact, you can’t even break even”

40 Earth: Open or Closed System?

41 Earth: Matter does not come and go
So… matter is constantly recycled on Earth Earth is a Closed System to Matter

42 Biogeochemical Cycles: Reservoirs & Pathways
Atmosphere Biosphere Lithosphere Hydrosphere

43 Some Major Cycles of Matter
Water Cycle Rock Cycle Chemical Cycles Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorous Sulfur

44 Carbon Cycle Atmosphere Biosphere Lithosphere Hydrosphere

45 Carbon Cycle: Reservoirs
Atmosphere 1x (= 7.3x1017 grams carbon) Biosphere 3x 55x 35,000x Lithosphere Hydrosphere

46 Carbon Cycle Atmosphere Biosphere Lithosphere Hydrosphere
Respiration& Decay Photosynthesis Biosphere Lithosphere Hydrosphere

47 Carbon Transfer: Biosphere Atmosphere
Photosynthesis (Atmosphere to Biosphere) Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sunlight --> Sugar + Oxygen Respiration (Biosphere to Atmosphere) Sugar + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

48 Carbon Cycle Atmosphere Biosphere Lithosphere Hydrosphere
Respiration& Decay Photosynthesis Dissolution Weathering & Volcanism Exsolution Biosphere Burial & Lithification Lithosphere Photosynthesis Burial & Lithification Hydrosphere

49 Carbon Cycle Human Impacts Atmosphere Biosphere Net Effect:
Deforestation: Decrease Photosynthesis Increase Respiration Atmosphere Burning fossil fuels: Increased combustion Biosphere Net Effect: Increase in Carbon in Atmosphere Lithosphere Hydrosphere

50 Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
northern winter northern summer

51 Impact

52 Earth: Earth constantly gains & loses energy
Heat Earth is a Open System to Energy Sunlight

53 Earth: Open or Closed System?
Mostly Open to Energy Mostly Closed to Matter

Download ppt "Geologic Time Scale."

Similar presentations

Minerals Atoms Ions Elements and Compounds

Minerals Atoms Ions Elements and Compounds
CHEMISTRY.

CHEMISTRY.
Chapter 2 Minerals.

Chapter 2 Minerals.
Chemistry, Part I Human Anatomy and Physiology I Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson.

Chemistry, Part I Human Anatomy and Physiology I Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson.
Lecture 1.1 Refresh your high school chemistry CS882, Fall 2006.

Lecture 1.1 Refresh your high school chemistry CS882, Fall 2006.
Unit II - Chemistry In this unit we will discuss the elements of the periodic table, how elements combine to make molecules and the properties of.

Unit II - Chemistry In this unit we will discuss the elements of the periodic table, how elements combine to make molecules and the properties of.
Biogeochemical Cycles

Biogeochemical Cycles
Cycling of Matter. Recap: Environment: all abiotic and biotic factors that exist on Earth as well as their interactions Abiotic: non-living factors Biotic:

Cycling of Matter. Recap: Environment: all abiotic and biotic factors that exist on Earth as well as their interactions Abiotic: non-living factors Biotic:
Classification of Matter

Classification of Matter
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Lecture 3 Basic Chemistry.

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Lecture 3 Basic Chemistry.
The Stuff of the Universe What is nature “made of”? Horsehead nebula in Orion.

The Stuff of the Universe What is nature “made of”? Horsehead nebula in Orion.
Scientific Method Raise question Gather data. Scientific Method Raise question Gather data Form hypothesis Test and modify hypothesis.

Scientific Method Raise question Gather data. Scientific Method Raise question Gather data Form hypothesis Test and modify hypothesis.
The Stuff of the Universe What is nature “made of”? Horsehead nebula in Orion.

The Stuff of the Universe What is nature “made of”? Horsehead nebula in Orion.
Applying the Rules to Environmental Science: Biogeochemical Cycles.

Applying the Rules to Environmental Science: Biogeochemical Cycles.
Building Blocks Of Minerals To fully understand rocks and minerals, you must first consider the chemistry behind minerals. Things to consider include;

Building Blocks Of Minerals To fully understand rocks and minerals, you must first consider the chemistry behind minerals. Things to consider include;
Ecology - the scientific study of the relationships between organisms and their environment -Studies the interconnections between the individual parts.

Ecology - the scientific study of the relationships between organisms and their environment -Studies the interconnections between the individual parts.
CYCLING OF CARBON ATOMS. Life on Earth depends upon one–way flow of high–quality energy from sun & cycling of crucial elements.

CYCLING OF CARBON ATOMS. Life on Earth depends upon one–way flow of high–quality energy from sun & cycling of crucial elements.
Chemistry of Life. Everything, whether it is a rock, dog, car, or flower, is made of incredibly small particles called __________. atoms.

Chemistry of Life. Everything, whether it is a rock, dog, car, or flower, is made of incredibly small particles called __________. atoms.
Elemental Jeopardy 6th Grade Science with Mr. Parks.

Elemental Jeopardy 6th Grade Science with Mr. Parks.
Atoms and Elements. Atoms Atoms are the “building blocks” of all matter and are the simplest form of molecule. They are all made up of protons, neutrons.

Atoms and Elements. Atoms Atoms are the “building blocks” of all matter and are the simplest form of molecule. They are all made up of protons, neutrons.

Similar presentations

Ads by Google